随着存贷款利率放开，银行机构准入政策放宽，限制资产替代政策放宽，金 融机构增多；存贷利差缩减，利润空间缩减。互联网金融、第三方支付都在抢占 商业银行有限的金融资源。银行竞争日益激烈。商业银行能否在激烈竞争中赢得 挑战把握机遇，关键在于金融资源配置效率。本文基于金融资源理论将农业银行 金融资源分为资本资源、信贷资源、人力资源、财务资源。通过在资本资源配置 效率、信贷资源配置效率、人力资源配置效率、财务资源配置效率四方面展开分 析，将农业银行指标与国有商业银行指标均值对比，从而评价农业银行金融资源 配置效率。研究发现农业银行金融资源配置效率低的原因是资本达到监管要求， 但资本资源来源渠道较窄，资本积累情况不稳定；业务结构不合理，资本收益率 较低。资本资源配置效率低。存贷比低，流动性高但信贷资源偏向国企；贷款集 中度高；不良贷款率高；贷款期限结构不合理；导致信贷资源配置效率低。人员 岗位配置较合理，但转正晋升机制不灵活。绩效分配机制存在缺陷；人力资源配 置效率较低。筹资成本高；费用配置不合理，费用控制能力差；财务资源配置效 率低。在此基础上，提出了拓宽资本来源，优化资本结构；转变配置模式，加强 资本积累；优化业务结构，增加资本收益，增加资本资源配置效率。减少对国有 企业“过度保护”，扶持优质民营小微企业；加强贷前调查，做好风险管控，降低 不良贷款率；做好贷款投向管理，优化贷款期限结构，提升农业银行信贷资源配 置效率。灵活人力资源配置机制；加强教育培训，提升员工素质；改善绩效考核 措施，提升人力资源配置效率。改变传统经营模式，精细化管理；优化费用配置， 提高费用控制能力，提升财务资源配置效率等改进建议。研究结论为农业银行提 升金融资源配置效率提供参考。 关键词：金融资源，资源配置，信贷资源，人力资源 II Abstract With the liberalization of deposit and loan interest rates, the access policy for banking institutions has been relaxed, the policy for restricting asset substitution has been relaxed, there are more and more financial institutions. Deposit and loan spreads have shrunk, and profit margins have shrunk.Internet Finance and third-party payment are seizing the limited financial resources of commercial banks. The competition among banks is increasingly fierce. Whether commercial banks can win challenges and seize opportunities in the fierce competition depends on the efficiency of financial resource allocation. Based on the theory of financial resources, the financial resources of Agricultural Bank of China are divided into capital resources, credit resources, human resources and financial resources. By analyzing the four aspects of capital resource allocation efficiency, credit resource allocation efficiency, human resource allocation efficiency, and financial resource allocation efficiency, this paper compares the agricultural indicators with the average value of the indicators of state-owned commercial banks, so as to evaluate the financial resource allocation efficiency of agricultural banks. It is found that the reason for the low efficiency of financial resources allocation in Agricultural Bank of China is that the capital meets the regulatory requirements, but the sources of capital resources are narrow and the capital accumulation is not stable; The business structure is unreasonable and the return on capital is low. The allocation of capital resources is inefficient. The loan-to-deposit ratio is low, the liquidity is high, but the credit resources are biased toward state-owned enterprises; the loan concentration is high; the non-performing loan rate is high; the loan term structure is unreasonable; The credit resource allocation efficiency is low. Staffing is more reasonable, but the promotion mechanism is not flexible. The performance allocation mechanism is flawed; the efficiency of human resource allocation is low. The financing cost is high, the cost allocation is unreasonable, the cost control ability is poor, and the efficiency of financial resource allocation is low. On this basis, it is proposed to broaden the source of capital and optimize the capital structure; transform the allocation model and strengthen capital accumulation; optimize the business structure, increase capital returns, to increase the efficiency of III capital resource allocation. Reduce “over-protection” of state-owned enterprises and support high-quality private small and micro enterprises; strengthen pre-loan investigations, do a good job in risk management and reduce non-performing loan ratios; do a good job in loan management, optimize loan term structure, and improve the efficiency of agricultural bank credit resource allocation。Reduce “over-protection” of state-owned enterprises and support high-quality private small and micro enterprises; strengthen pre-loan investigations, do a good job in risk management and reduce non-performing loan ratios; do a good job in loan management, optimize loan term structure, and improve the efficiency of agricultural bank credit resource allocation. Change the traditional business model and refine the management; optimize the cost allocation, improve the cost control ability, and improve the efficiency of financial resource allocation. The conclusion of the study provides a reference for Agricultural Bank of China to improve the efficiency of financial resource allocation. Key words: Financial resources, Resource allocation, Credit resources, Human Resources IV 目 录 第一章 绪论 ........................................................ 1 1.1 研究意义 ..................................................... 1 1.2 研究方法 ..................................................... 3 1.3 文章框架与逻辑关系 ........................................... 4 第二章 理论背景回顾与研究框架设计 .................................. 6 2.1 理论背景回顾 ................................................. 6 2.1.1 金融资源理论及相关研究 ................................. 6 2.1.2 金融效率理论及相关研究 ................................. 7 2.2 研究框架设计 ................................................ 11 第三章 研究设计 ................................................... 12 3.1 指标选取 .................................................... 12 3.2 数据收集与来源 .............................................. 13 3.3 评价方法选择 ................................................ 13 3.4 有效性检验 .................................................. 13 第四章 案例分析 ................................................... 15 4.1 案例企业简介 ................................................ 15 4.2 资本资源配置及配置效率评价 .................................. 15 4.2.1 资本资源配置 .......................................... 15 4.2.2 资本资源配置效率评价 .................................. 18 4.2.3 资本资源配置效率低的原因分析 .......................... 20 4.3 信贷资源配置及其效率评价 .................................... 21 4.3.1 信贷资源配置 .......................................... 21 4.3.2 信贷资源配置效率评价 .................................. 24 4.3.3 信贷资源配置效率低的原因分析 .......................... 25 4.4 人力资源配置及其效率评价 .................................... 26 4.4.1 人力资源配置 .......................................... 26 4.4.2 人力资源配置效率评价 .................................. 28 4.4.3 人力资源配置效率低的原因分析 .......................... 28 4.5 财务资源配置及配置效率评价 .................................. 30 V 4.5.1 财务资源配置情况 ...................................... 30 4.5.2 财务资源配置效率评价 .................................. 31 4.5.3 财务资源配置效率低的原因分析 .......................... 31 第五章 农业银行金融资源配置效率改进建议 ........................... 33 5.1 提升资本资源配置效率的建议 .................................. 33 5.1.1 优化资本结构 .......................................... 33 5.1.2 转变资本配置模式 ...................................... 34 5.1.3 增加资本收益 .......................................... 34 5.2 提升信贷资源配置效率的建议 .................................. 34 5.2.1 扶持优质民营小微企业 .................................. 34 5.2.2 做好风险管控 .......................................... 35 5.2.3 做好贷款投向与贷款期限结构管理 ........................ 35 5.3 提升人力资源配置效率的建议 .................................. 3