I 摘要 随着经济全球化和信息技术的迅猛发展，市场竞争的日趋激烈，企业经营环境瞬 息万变，有许多研究和典型案例表明，团队凝聚力已成为企业运作和市场竞争的核心 要素，联想集团的“项链理论”就是对团队凝聚力作用的形象阐释。但是，国内对团队 凝聚力的研究还停留在对国外研究的总结上，且应用面较窄，尤其是对企业研发团队 凝聚力的研究还比较匮乏。本文选择的ZKY生物科技公司是典型的创新型高成长型 企业，在公司成立之初就组建了研发团队，并在团队目标、组织构成、企业文化、研 发流程、绩效管理等方面制定了一系列提升团队凝聚力的制度和措施。但是随着公司 的发展和经营环境的变化，研发团队凝聚力已经出现明显的下滑趋势，亟需制定合理 的对策来提升研发团队的凝聚力。因此，对ZKY生物科技公司研发团队凝聚力的研 究有助于帮助企业疏堵解困，提升核心竞争力，促进企业高质量发展。 本文结合凝聚力基础理论，首先对国内外文献总结出的20个团队凝聚力影响因 素进行归纳，确定从团队执行力、协作力、领导力、管理力、文化力5个方面来测评 研发团队凝聚力；然后采取专家打分法对一级指标细化分解，经过多轮匿名征询和意 见反馈，最终确定了团队成员成就感和责任心、结构配备、工作条件和环境、团队工 作流程的合理性，团队成员间向心力、宽容力、信任度、沟通力，团队领导具备基本 胜任素质、处理关系的能力、战略决策力、影响感召力、组织协调力，团队管理的计 划性、组织纪律性、奖惩激励性、授权控制性，团队愿景和使命认同性、学习力、价 值观认同性、行为的统一性等21项二级指标，形成了团队凝聚力测评指标体系；利 用1-9比例标度法和层次分析法构造判断矩阵，逐项计算各指标权重；对21项二级 指标按照“很强、强、中、弱、很弱”5个等级设计测评问卷，并整理得出测评数据。 通过对一级指标测评数据宏观分析和二级指标测评数据微观分析，得出ZKY生物科 技公司研发团队在团队成员结构配备、团队成员成就感和责任心、团队成员间沟通力、 团队管理的奖惩激励性、团队管理的授权控制、团队领导具备处理关系的能力6个方 面得分率较低，均在60%以下。结合座谈了解的相关情况，得出公司研发团队主要存 在团队成员结构配备不合理、团队成员间缺乏有效沟通、团队成员间成就感和责任心 不强、团队管理的奖惩激励制度不完善、领导者的授权控制能力较弱、领导者不善于 处理人际关系6个方面的问题。然后有针对性地提出了具体对策，如完善研发团队成 员选聘和团队内部适时人才培养机制、完善领导者素质培养提升和岗位动态调整机 制、完善交流沟通机制营造良好的团队合作氛围、完善管理和绩效考核方法等，为提 升公司研发团队凝聚力、提高研发绩效水平提供了借鉴。 关键词：团队凝聚力；研发团队；层次分析法 山东理工大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT II ABSTRACT With the rapid development of economic globalization and information technology， and the increasingly fierce market competition， the business environment of enterprises is changing rapidly. Many studies and typical cases have shown that team cohesion has become the core part of enterprise operation and market competition. Lenovo Group's "Necklace Theory" is an image interpretation of the role of team cohesion. However， the research on team cohesion in China still stays in the summary of foreign research， and its application is relatively narrow， especially the research on R&D team cohesion in enterprises is still scarce. ZKY Biotechnology Company selected in this paper is a typical innovative and high growth enterprise. At the beginning of the company's establishment， it established a research and development team， and formulated a series of systems and measures to enhance team cohesion in terms of team objectives， organizational structure， corporate culture， research and development process， performance management， etc. However， with the development of the company and the change of business environment， the cohesion of R&D team has obviously declined， so it is urgent to formulate reasonable countermeasures to further enhance the cohesion of R&D team. Therefore, the research on the cohesion of the research and development team of ZKY Biotechnology Company is helpful to help enterprises to ease the difficulties, enhance the core competitiveness and promote the high-quality development of enterprises. Based on the basic theory of cohesion, this paper first summarizes 20 factors influencing team cohesion summarized by domestic and foreign literature, and determines to measure the cohesion of R&D team from five aspects of team execution, collaboration, leadership, management and culture. Then， the expert scoring method is adopted to decompose the first level indicators， and through multiple rounds of anonymous consultation and opinion feedback， it is finally determined Team members' sense of achievement and responsibility， structure and equipment， working conditions and environment， rationality of team work process， centripetal force， tolerance， trust and communication force among team members， team leaders' basic competence， ability to handle relationships， strategic decision-making force， influence， organization and coordination ability， planning， organization discipline， reward and punishment incentive of team management ， authorization control， team vision and mission identity， learning ability， values identity， behavior unity and other 21 secondary indicators， forming a team cohesion evaluation index system.The judgment matrix is 山东理工大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT III constructed by 1-9 scale method and analytic hierarchy process， and the weight of each index is calculated item by item. The evaluation questionnaire is designed for 21 secondary indexes according to 5 levels of "very strong， strong， medium， weak and very weak"， and the evaluation data are sorted out. Through the macro analysis of the first level index evaluation data and the micro analysis of the second level index evaluation data， it is concluded that the R&D team of ZKY Biotechnology Company has a low scoring rate in six aspects： team member structure， team member's sense of achievement and responsibility， team member's communication， team management's incentive of rewards and punishments， team management's authorization control， team leader's ability to deal with relationships， All of them are below 60%. Combined with the relevant situation of the discussion， it is concluded that there are six problems in the R&D team of the company： unreasonable team member structure， lack of effective communication among team members， weak sense of achievement and responsibility among team members， imperfect incentive system of team management， weak ability of authorization and control of leaders， and leaders are not good at dealing with interpersonal relationships. Then it puts forward specific countermeasures， such as improving the R&D team member selection and timely talent training mechanism within the team， improving the leader quality training and post dynamic adjustment mechanism， improving the communication mechanism， creating a good team cooperation atmosphere， improving the management and performance evaluation methods， so as to improve the cohesion of the company's R&D team and the level of R&D performance For reference. Key words： R&D Team; Team Cohesion; AHP 山东理工大学硕士学位论文 目录 IV 目 录 摘要 ........ I ABSTRACT ............................ II 目 录 ..... IV 第一章 绪 论 ...................... 1 1.1 研究的背景和意义 .... 1 1.1.1研究的背景 ....... 1 1.1.2研究的意义 ....... 2 1.2 国内外研究现状 ........ 2 1.2.1团队凝聚力概述 .............................. 2 1.2.2团队凝聚力影响因素的研究 .......... 4 1.2.3凝聚力的维度及测评研究 .............. 8 1.2.4凝聚力的提升策略 .......................... 9 1.3 研究内容与方法 ...... 11 1.3.1研究内容 ......... 11 1.3.2研究方法 ......... 12 1.3.3研究的创新之处 ............................ 13 1.3.4研究框架 ......... 13 本章小结 ......................... 15 第二章 团队凝聚力的理论基础 ....................... 16 2.1 群体动力学理论 ...... 16 2.2 团队建设理论 .......... 16 2.2.1基于“人性假设”的团队建设理论 . 17 2.2.2基于“木桶原理”的团队建设理论 . 17 2.2.3贝尔宾团队角色理论 .................... 18 2.2.4目标管理理论 . 19 2.2.5基于“共生理论”的团队建设理论 . 19 2.3 马斯洛需求层次理论 ............................. 20 本章小结 ......................... 20 第三章 ZKY生物科技公司研发