对于企业来说，竞争战略是企业开展对外贸易的主要力量，影响着公司的持 续健康发展。SX公司作为我国一家著名的大型现代化煤炭企业，行业100强， 长期以来主要以煤炭生产和经营为主业。近年，SX煤炭公司根据经济社会发展 形势和自身需求设立了L物流公司，一方面旨在通过L物流公司提高公司运输 能力，利用所在地显著的区位优势，建立现代物流体系。另一方面旨在将建立L 物流公司作为经营方式转变的一次探索、尝试，从而推动SX公司能够尽快实现 转型升级。L物流公司在其建立和发展的过程中，在SX公司资源支持下，已经 具有一部分稳定的长期合作客户，具有一定的资源基础，但同时又面临区域内和 行业内激烈的竞争环境，有迫切的分析竞争战略的问题、提出改进策略的需求。 本文使用PEST（宏观分析）模型以及VRIO模型，一方面从政治法律环境、 经济环境、社会文化环境、技术环境等宏观方面对L物流公司进行了分析，另 一方面，从L物流公司的企业资源，包括财务、组织、技术、品牌及其他无形 资源和企业能力，包括运营能力、可持续竞争优势、融资能力等内部因素进行了 分析。通过分析和整理相关信息，对企业内外部环境有全面而客观的认识，提出 L物流公司竞争战略发展的外部机遇与挑战，得出L物流公司发展面临的行业竞 争与威胁。并针对L物流公司发展中存在的问题，分析L物流公司下一步发展 可以选择的战略类型并提出具体业务举措，提出了相应建议，具有一定研究指导 实践的意义。 关键词：煤炭物流；竞争战略；差异化 论文类型：专题研究 西南科技大学硕士学位论文 3 ABSTRACT Forenterprises,themaincompetitivestrategyistheenterprisetocarryout foreigntradestrength,affectingthesustainedandhealthydevelopmentofthe company.SXcompanyasafamouslargemoderncoalenterprisesinourcountry,the industry100strong,haslongbeenthemainbusinessforcoalproductionanditsmain business.Inrecentyears,SXcoalcompanysetupaccordingtotherequirementsof economicandsocialdevelopmentsituationanditsownLlogisticscompany,onthe onehand,aimstoimprovecompanybyLlogisticscompanytransportcapacity,using localprominentlocationadvantages,setupmodernlogisticssystem.Ontheother handtoturnestablishLlogisticscompanyasamodeofoperation,tryanexploration, soastopromotetheSXcompaniescanrealizethetransformationandupgradingas soonaspossible.Llogisticscompaniesintheprocessofitsestablishmentand development,intheSXcorporateresourcessupport,thepartalreadyhasastable long-termcooperationcustomers,haveacertainresourcebase,butatthesametime, faceareaandindustrycompetitionenvironment,therearepressingissuesofthe analysisofcompetitionstrategy,putsforwardimprovementstrategyofdemand. ThisarticleusesthePEST(macroanalysis)modelandVRIOmodel,ontheone hand,fromthepoliticalandlegalenvironment,economicenvironment,socialand culturalenvironment,technologyenvironment,andmacroaspectsanalyzestheL logisticscompany,ontheotherhand,fromtheLlogisticscompany'sresources, includingfinancial,organization,technology,brandsandotherintangibleresources andenterprisecompetence,includingcapacity,sustainablecompetitiveadvantage, internalfactorssuchasfinancingabilityisanalyzed.Byanalyzingandorganizing relevantinformation,tohaveacomprehensiveandobjectiveunderstandingofthe enterpriseinternalandexternalenvironment,putforwardtheLlogisticscompanythe externalopportunitiesandchallenges,thedevelopmentofcompetitivestrategyLthe developmentofthelogisticscompanyfacingtheindustrycompetitionandthreats. Andaimedatproblemsexistinginthedevelopmentofthelogisticscompany,LL logisticscompanycanchoosethenextstepdevelopmentstrategytypesandputs forwardspecificbusiness,putsforwardthecorrespondingsuggestion,hasthecertain researchtoguidepracticesignificance. Keyword：Coallogistics;Competitivestrategy;differentiation PaperType：ThematicResearch 西南科技大学硕士学位论文 4 目录 1绪论............................................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景..............................................................................................................1 1.2研究意义..............................................................................................................1 1.3研究内容与研究方法..........................................................................................2 1.3.1研究内容........................................................................................................2 1.3.2研究方法........................................................................................................2 1.3.3技术路线........................................................................................................3 2文献综述及模型选择................................................................................................3 2.1国内外研究现状..................................................................................................4 2.1.1差异化战略国内外研究现状........................................................................4 2.1.2成本领先战略国内外研究现状....................................................................5 2.1.3集中型战略国内外研究现状.......................................................................5 2.1.4实施竞争战略风险国内外研究现状...........................................................6 2.2竞争战略分析工具与模型..................................................................................6 2.2.1PEST(宏观环境）分析模型.........................................................................6 2.2.2VRIO分析模型.............................................................................................7 3L物流公司内外部环境分析..................................................................................9 3.1L物流公司概况.................................................................................................9 3.2L物流公司外部宏观环境分析.........................................................................9 3.2.1政治法律环境...............................................................................................9 3.2.2经济环境.....................................................................................................11 3.2.3社会文化环境.............................................................................................15 3.2.4技术环境.....................................................................................................16 3.3L物流公司外部中观环境（行业环境）分析...............................................16 3.3.1煤炭物流行业特点.....................................................................................16 3.3.2煤炭物流行业发展趋势.............................................................................17 3.3.3煤炭物流行业发展现状.............................................................................18 3.4L物流公司内部资源和能力分析...................................................................19 3.4.1L物流公司资源分析..................................................................................19 3.4.2.L物流公司核心能力的确定.....................................................................23 3.4.3.VRIO模型分析..........................................................................................24 西南科技大学硕士学位论文 5 4L物流公司竞争战略的分析与选择....................................................................27 4.1L物流公司竞争战略的制定标准...................................................................27 4.2L物流公司竞争战略分析评估.......................................................................27 4.3L物流公司竞争战略实施对策.......................................................................29 4.3.1L物流公司竞争战略发展计划..................................................................29 4.3.2L物流公司竞争战略实施对策..................................................................30 5L物流公司竞争战略的实施保障........................................................................33 5.1优化完善组织结构体系....................................................................................33 5.2培养核心人力资源............................................................................................33 5.3提供合理的财务预算........................................................................................34 5.4培育创新性企业