电力是关系国计民生的基础产业，电力供应和安全事关国家安全战略，事关 经济社会发展全局。国内新能源发电行业都将在“十三五”期间迎来新的增长， 与大规模发展良机。有机遇就有挑战，目前，新能源发电企业在少数地区依旧出 现了严重的弃风弃光现象，电价市场化交易等举措造成电力企业收入利润均下 降。另外新能源发电企业补贴电价占比较大，严重依赖财政补贴，而国家财政补 贴资金已经出现很大缺口。因此，新能源电企将面临财政政策的调整以及收入利 润下降的严峻形势。在装机容量不断高速增长的情况下，为使企业更好的持续发 展，新能源电力企业的财务诊断成为必然。 本文针对新能源发电企业财务诊断与管理建议进行研究，选取SX公司作为 案例企业，对于当前SX公司财务管理现状进行分析，结合相关财务诊断理论， 针对SX公司财务指标进行纵向、横向分析，总结归纳了当前SX公司财务诊断 层面存在的问题，即当前SX公司盈利、发展能力相对较好，短期偿债能力优于 同行业水平，业务布局与战略发展相互适应；另外同行业横向比较，分析认为： 当前SX公司长期偿债能力欠佳、营运成本控制能力不足。在此基础上，结合财 务诊断等相关理论，理论结合实践，针对性地提出了完善建议，主要涉及到营运 能力提升、偿债能力提升以及营运成本控制三个层面的改进建议。为SX公司财 务诊断优化提供思路，为我国传统实体企业财务管理优化完善提供参考与借鉴的 思路。 关键词：财务诊断，资产负债表，营运能力，新能源发电 昆明理工大学硕士学位论文SX公司财务诊断分析与管理研究 III Abstract Electricityisabasicindustryrelatedtonationaleconomyandpeople'slivelihood. Electricitysupplyandsafetyarerelatedtothenationalsecuritystrategyandthe overallsituationofeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Thedomesticnewenergy powergenerationindustrywillusherinnewgrowthduringthe"ThirteenthFive-Year Plan"period,andlarge-scaledevelopmentopportunities.Opportunitiesarechallenges. Atpresent,newenergypowergenerationcompaniesarestillexperiencingserious windandlightabandonmentinafewareas,andmarket-basedelectricityprice transactionsandothermeasureshavecausedpowerenterpriserevenuesandprofitsto decline.Inaddition,newenergypowergenerationcompaniesaccountforarelatively largeamountofsubsidizedelectricityprices,relyingheavilyonfinancialsubsidies, andtherehasbeenalargegapinstatefinancialsubsidies.Therefore,newenergy powercompanieswillfacetheseveresituationofadjustmentoffiscalpolicyand declineinrevenueandprofits.Inthecaseofcontinuoushigh-speedgrowthof installedcapacity,inordertomakeenterprisescontinuetodevelopbetter,the financialdiagnosisofnewenergypowercompanieshasbecomeinevitable. Thisarticlestudiesthefinancialdiagnosisandmanagementrecommendationsof newenergypowergenerationcompanies,selectsSXcompaniesascasecompanies, analyzesthecurrentfinancialmanagementstatusofSXcompanies,combinesrelated financialdiagnosistheories,andconductsverticalandhorizontalanalysisofSX companies'financialindicators.ThecurrentproblemsoffinancialdiagnosisofSX companyarethatthecurrentSXcompanyhasrelativelygoodprofitabilityand developmentability,short-termdebtsolvencyisbetterthanthesameindustrylevel, andbusinesslayoutandstrategicdevelopmentarecompatiblewitheachother.In addition,thehorizontalcomparisonwiththeindustryshowsthat:Atpresent,SX Company'slong-termdebtrepaymentabilityispoor,anditsoperatingcostcontrol abilityisinsufficient.Onthisbasis,combinedwithfinancialdiagnosisandother relatedtheories,combinedwiththeoryandpractice,itputsforwardsuggestionsfor improvement,whichmainlyinvolvesthreelevelsofimprovementsuggestions: operationalcapacityimprovement,debtsolvencyimprovementandoperatingcost control.ProvideideasfortheoptimizationoffinancialdiagnosisofSXcompany,and 昆明理工大学硕士学位论文SX公司财务诊断分析与管理研究 IV providereferenceandreferencefortheoptimizationandimprovementoffinancial managementoftraditionalentityenterprisesinChina. Keywords:Financialdiagnosis,balancesheet,operationalcapability,newenergy generation 昆明理工大学硕士学位论文SX公司财务诊断分析与管理研究 i 目录 摘要.........................................................................................................................I Abstract...............................................................................................................III 第一章绪论..........................................................................................................1 1.1选题背景与意义.....................................................................................1 1.1.1研究背景.....................................................................................1 1.1.2研究意义.....................................................................................2 1.2国内外文献综述.....................................................................................2 1.2.1国外文献综述.............................................................................2 1.2.2国内文献综述.............................................................................3 1.2.3文献评述.....................................................................................6 1.3研究思路及方法.....................................................................................6 1.3.1研究思路.....................................................................................6 1.3.2研究方法.....................................................................................6 1.4论文研究内容.........................................................................................7 第二章基本概念及财务诊断分析......................................................................9 2.1基本概念................................................................................................9 2.1.1财务诊断内涵.............................................................................9 2.1.2财务诊断分类.............................................................................9 2.2企业财务诊断的分析..........................................................................10 2.2.1财务诊断的基本内容...............................................................10 2.2.2财务诊断的基本方法...............................................................12 第三章SX公司财务管理的内外部环境分析..................................................15 3.1SX公司发展概况.................................................................................15 3.1.1SX公司简介.............................................................................15 3.1.2SX公司发展现状概述.............................................................15 3.2SX公司的外部环境分析.....................................................................16 3.2.1政治环境分析...........................................................................16 3.2.2经济环境分析...........................................................................16 3.2.3社会环境分析...........................................................................18 3.2.4技术环境分析...........................................................................19 3.3SX公司的核心竞争力分析.................................................................19 3.3.1供应商议价能力.......................................................................19 昆明理工大学硕士学位论文SX公司财务诊断分析与管理研究 ii 3.3.2购买者议价能力.......................................................................20 3.3.3潜在新竞争者...........................................................................20 3.3.4替代品威胁...............................................................................20 3.3.5企业间竞争...............................................................................21 第四章SX公司财务现状分析及诊断..............................................................23 4.1SX公司财务报表分析.........................................................................23 4.1.1资产负债表结构分析...............................................................23 4.1.2利润表结构分析.......................................................................29 4.1.3现金流量表结构分析...............................................................31 4.2SX公司财务指标诊断.........................................................................34 4.2.1SX公司财务指标纵向分析........................