新时代的世界经济局势风云变幻，为抢占市场竞争制高点，制造企业在其中 必然发挥举足轻重的作用。技术产品的推出必须经由企业的管理和经营才能增加 价值，然而不相符的企业管理效率可能会阻碍企业的发展。而“去库存、降成本、 补短板”等任务的实现，也无一不需要优秀的管理层来引导与控制。因此，如何 优化组织结构、提升管理效率是制造企业在发展壮大过程中必须面对的问题。 产品市场竞争带来的压力会刺激企业提升管理效率以寻求出路，而对需要面 对军民双方市场的“军转民”与“民参军”企业来说，管理团队中具有从军背景 的高管究竟能否提升团队的竞争敏感性和减少机会主义行为，保证企业管理效率 提升呢？论文研究了产品市场竞争、高管从军背景对企业管理效率的影响机制， 选取了军民融合上市制造业企业在2009-2018年的数据为研究样本，通过研读相 关文献界定了论文的产品市场竞争、管理效率与高管从军背景等变量的概念。依 据超产权理论、高层梯队理论与委托代理理论，确定了产品市场竞争、高管从军 背景与企业管理效率的逻辑关系，提出了产品市场竞争对管理效率的研究假设和 高管从军背景的调节效应假设。接着进行样本筛选、数据整理、变量测量和构建 数学模型，并运用数据分析软件进行实证分析，得到了一系列研究结论。研究发 现：（1）产品市场竞争促进了企业管理效率的提升；（2）高管从军背景正向调节 产品市场竞争与企业管理效率之间的关系；（3）相对于低学历的具有从军背景的 高管，团队中高学历的从军背景高管对产品市场竞争与管理效率关系的调节作用 更显著；（4）在平均学历较高的团队中，高管从军背景的调节作用更强。论文在 研究结论的基础上提出相应建议，重视市场竞争的激励和监督作用，压制在职消 费与管理成本，提高管理效率；鼓励从军背景的人才进入市场，合理配置高管团 队成员；完善退伍军人进入高校学习的相关政策，帮助具有从军背景的高管深度 掌握企业管理专业知识；提高团队整体教育水平，重视具有从军背景的高管的社 会资本；完善市场竞争机制，鼓励军民市场融合。 论文的理论意义在于通过讨论高管团队中从军背景高管的比例对企业管理 效率的影响，对高阶理论做出了一定程度上的补充和创新。实践意义上，依据对 具有从军背景的高管的研究，向企业的高管团队配置提出了部分建议，并从另一 角度丰富了我国军民融合企业的发展建议，对军民融合政策的落实进行了新的解 读。 关键词：产品市场竞争；高管从军背景；管理效率 II Abstract There is an age of rapid change in the economic world. In order to seize the commanding point of market competition, manufacturing enterprises must play an important role in it. The introduction of technical products can increase value only through the management and operation of enterprises. However, inconsistent enterprise management efficiency may hinder the development of enterprises. In manufacturing enterprises, the realization of tasks such as "decreasing stocking, reducing costs and making up for shortcomings" all need excellent management to guide and control. Therefore, the requirements of optimizing organizational structure and improving management efficiency are imminent. The pressure of product market competition will stimulate enterprises to improve management efficiency in order to find a way out. For national defense technology enterprises that need to face both military and civilian markets can executives with military background in the management team improve the team's competition sensitivity and reduce opportunistic behavior, so as to ensure the improvement of enterprise management efficiency? This paper studies the influence mechanism of product market competition and senior management background on enterprise management efficiency, selects the data of civil-military integration listed manufacturing enterprises in 2009-2018 as the research sample, and defines the concepts of product market competition, management efficiency and managers’ military background by reading relevant literature. According to beyond property-right theory, upper-echelons perspective and principal-agent theory, we determined the logical relationship between product market competition, the managers’ military background and enterprise management efficiency, and put forward the hypothesis of product market competition on management efficiency and the regulatory effect hypothesis of managers’ military background. Then, we select samples, arrange data, design variables and build mathematical models, and use data analysis software to make empirical regression, and get a series of research conclusions. The results show that: (1) there is positive correlation between product market competition and enterprise management efficiency; (2) managers' military background positively regulates the relationship between product market competition and enterprise management efficiency; (3) military managers with higher education play a more significant role in III regulating the relationship between product market competition and management efficiency than those with lower education; (4) in teams with higher average education, the moderating effect of managers' military background was stronger. Based on research conclusion, we puts forward corresponding suggestions, pays attention to the incentive and supervision role of market competition, reduce on-the-job consumption and management costs, and improves management efficiency; encourages people with military background to enter the market, and reasonably configures the members of the top management team; improves the independent learning channel of veterans, helps managers with military background to deeply master the professional knowledge of enterprise management; improves the overall education level of the team, pays attention to the social capital of military executives, improves the market competition mechanism and encourages the integration of military and civilian markets. The theoretical significance of this paper is to discuss the impact of the proportion of managers with military background in the senior management team on the efficiency of enterprise management, and to some extent, to make a supplement and innovation to the high-level theory. In the practical sense, through the study of senior managers with military background, the paper puts forward some suggestions on the allocation of senior management team, and enriches the development suggestions of military civilian integration enterprises in China from another perspective, and makes a new interpretation on the implementation of military civilian integration policies. Keywords: Product Market Competition; Managers’ Military Background; Management Efficiency IV 目录 摘要................................................................................................................................. I Abstract ......................................................................................................................... II 第1章 绪论.................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 选题背景与意义 ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 文献综述 ............................................................................................................. 2 1.2.1 管理效率的研究动态................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 产品市场竞争与企业管理效率的研究动态............................................... 3 1.2.3 高管从军背景的研究动态........................................................................... 4 1.3 研究内容与论文基本框架 ................................................................................. 6 1.4 研究方法与创新之处 ......................................................................................... 7 1.4.1 研究方法....................................................................................................... 7 1.4.2 创新之处....................................................................................................... 8 第2章 相关概念与理论基础.................................................................................... 10 2.1 相关概念界定 ................................................................................................... 10 2.1.1 产品市场竞争的含义.......................................................