哈萨克斯坦位于中亚地区，其在中亚地理、政治和经济方面都在中亚有举足轻重 的地位。哈萨克斯坦独立后，在实现政治稳定、促进社会经济发展方面作出了巨大努 力，包括制定一系列对外开放政策和宏观调控措施。与此同时，哈萨克斯坦制定了 2030年的经济发展计划，在努力提高人民生活水平、发展经济改善同中国的关系。 中哈两国是地理位置相邻的国家，两国之间在资源方面有互补性。因此，促进了两国 间农业贸易，增强两国的农业合作，实现共赢。但是，由于两国在国情和发展方式上 的不同，哈萨克斯坦与中国在农业合作领域仍然存在着许多阻碍。 本文通过对哈萨克斯坦与中国农业合作的相关文件、农业数据、现有文章等进行 了分析，探讨了两国农业合作领域的诸多问题，主要有：农业结构不合理；农业发展 受地区限制；农业投资机制及秩序不完善；缺乏相关政策制度等。进而分析造成该问 题的主要原因有：两国的国情不同；国际农业关系的发展；农业基础设施建设的影响； 政府间信息沟通闭塞等。最后根据所存在的问题提出了：加快两国农业战略合作的实 施；加大投资带动农业发展；提升对农贸企业的政策扶持；优化农业合作中产品结构 等对策和建议。本文研究旨在通过加强两国农业合作，使两国关系更加紧密，并加速 经济一体化。 关键词：丝绸之路；战略合作；农业；哈萨克斯坦与中国农贸 II Abstract Kazakhstan is located in Central Asia and plays an important role in geography, politics and economy. After independence, Kazakhstan has made great efforts to achieve political stability and social and economic development, including the formulation of opening-up policies and a series of macro-control measures. At the same time, Kazakhstan has formulated the 2030 economic development plan, with the efforts of the people, the living standard has been gradually improved, and the economic development and China's economic ties have become increasingly close. China and Kazakhstan are geographically adjacent countries with strong complementary resources. Therefore, it has promoted agricultural trade between the two countries, enhanced their potential for agricultural cooperation and achieved common prosperity. However, due to the different national conditions and development of the two countries, there are still many obstacles in the further development of agricultural cooperation between Kazakhstan and China. Based on the analysis of relevant documents, agricultural data and existing articles of agricultural cooperation between Kazakhstan and China, this paper discusses many problems in the field of agricultural cooperation between the two countries, including: unreasonable agricultural structure; regional restrictions on agricultural development; imperfect agricultural investment mechanism and order; lack of relevant policies and systems, etc. The main reasons are: different national conditions of the two countries; the development of international agricultural relations; the impact of agricultural infrastructure construction; the lack of information communication between governments. Finally, according to the existing problems, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions, such as: accelerating the implementation of the strategic cooperation in agriculture between the two countries; increasing investment to promote agricultural development; enhancing policy support for agricultural trade enterprises; optimizing the product structure in agricultural cooperation. The purpose of this study is to strengthen the agricultural cooperation between the two countries, to make their relations closer, and to accelerate economic integration.. Keywords: administrative ethics，moral construction，public management，constraint III 目 录 第一章 绪论 .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 研究背景与意义 ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 研究背景 .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 研究意义 .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2国内外研究现状 .......................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 国外研究现状 .................................................................................................. 2 1.2.2国内研究现状 ................................................................................................... 3 1.3 研究方法 ..................................................................................................................... 4 第二章 理论基础与现状分析 .................................................................................................. 6 2.1区域合作理论 .............................................................................................................. 6 2.2丝绸之路经济带战略内涵 .......................................................................................... 6 2.3其他理论基础 .............................................................................................................. 7 2.3.1绝对优势理论 ................................................................................................... 7 2.3.2比较优势理论 ................................................................................................... 7 2.3.3要素禀赋理论 ................................................................................................... 7 2.4 中国农产品的生产与消费需求 ................................................................................. 8 2.5 哈萨克斯坦农产品的生产与消费 ............................................................................. 9 第三章 “丝绸之路经济带”背景下哈萨克斯坦与中国农产品的贸易基础 ......................... 13 3.1 新疆与哈萨克斯坦边贸口岸现状 ........................................................................... 13 3.2 新疆与哈萨克斯坦的经贸农业互补性分析 ........................................................... 14 3.3 中国与哈萨克斯坦贸易的总体状况分析 ............................................................... 15 3.3.1 中国与哈萨克斯坦贸易的发展历程 ............................................................ 15 3.3.2 中国与哈萨克斯坦贸易的发展状况 ............................................................ 15 3.3.3 中国与哈萨克斯坦贸易进出口的商品结构分析 ........................................ 16 3.4 中国与哈萨克斯坦农业贸易合作的现实基础 ....................................................... 16 3.4.1 两国的地理优势 ............................................................................................ 16 3.4.2 中国与哈萨克斯坦经济的发展 .................................................................... 17 3.4.3 “丝绸之路经济带”的发展 .............................................................................. 18 IV 第四章 中国与哈萨克斯坦农业合作发展现状及问题分析 ................................................ 19 4.1 现状分析 ................................................................................................................... 19 4.1.1 贸易结构不合理 ............................................................................................ 19 4.1.2 发展受地区限制 ............................................................................................ 19 4.1.3 农贸投资机制及秩序不完善 ........................................................................ 20 4.1.4 缺乏相关政策制度 ........................................................................................ 21 4.2 原因分析 ................................................................................................................... 22 4.2.1 两国的国情不同 ............................................................................................ 22 4.2.2 国际农贸及经济发展情况影响 .................................................................... 23 4.2.3 基础设施建设的影响 .................................................................................... 24 4.2.4 政府间信息沟通闭塞 ...................................................................................