文本描述
随着经济的迅速发展,城镇化进程加快,新生代农民工数量在20世纪90年代中后 期开始快速增长。截止到2019年底,我国农民工总人数已经增至29077万人,女性农 民工占比为35.1%,比2018年增长0.3%,其中多数为新生代女性农民工。这支劳动大 军,是新时代中国特色社会主义发展道路上的骨干力量和积极贡献者。然而新生代女性 农民工具有自尊心强、追求平等自由、注重自身价值体现等优点的同时,还伴随着不善 沟通、自身优势不足、组织归属感差等特性,一旦遭受辱虐,更容易引起工作退缩行为 的发生,对组织以及个人都会带来巨大的不利影响。且长期以来,辱虐管理在各类组织 中普遍存在,因此,如何减少新生代女性农民工作退缩行为给个人和组织带来的不利影 响,成为企业亟需解决的管理问题。 本文的研究以F制造公司为代表性企业为研究背景和切入点,将企业的实践问题转 化为理论研究,旨在为企业目前存在的问题提出系统的解决方案。本文以新生代女性农 民工为研究对象,以辱虐管理为研究视角,并利用文献分析法,案例分析法,数据分析 法等,对新生代女性农民工的工作退缩行为产生的原因进行了探索,并结合F制造公司 的实际情况给出具体可实施的对策及建议。 本文整体的研究思路为:“提出问题”、“分析问题”、“解决问题”、“总结问 题”的逻辑展开。首先,“提出问题”。通过大量的文献及资料梳理,利用文献分析法, 理论的归纳总结,介绍本文的研究背景及意义,研究内容与方法,确定本文的研究思路 及技术路线。根据以往学者的研究资料梳理发现,辱虐管理对于工作退缩行为之间有必 然的联系,为研究的展开搭建理论支撑。通过对F制造公司新生代女性农民工工作退缩 行为进行的具体案例“分析问题”。选取具有代表性的案例进行描述和分析,得出辱虐 管理与工作退缩行为各个为维度之间的关系结论为:辱虐管理与工作退缩行为之间呈正 向相关关系,其中语言和非语言辱虐行为都引起了新生代女性农名工的心理退缩和行为 退缩的发生,且在心理退缩行为表现程度上更加突出。为进一步验证结论的普适性,以 F制造公司的新生代女性农民工为样本,做随机抽样调查,得到有效调查问卷366份, 对于调查的结果进行描述性统计分析、信度和效度分析,以及相关性分析,证明测量问 卷是可靠和有效的,并对F制造公司新生代女性农民工产生工作退缩行为的原因进行分 II 析得出,其在个人、领导、组织三个层面的具体原因。针对具体的原因,结合F公司的 实际情况给出对应的对策及建议来“解决问题”。(1)个人层面对策:提高文化水平和 职业规划;增强情绪控制和自我调适;建立良好沟通和人际关系。(2)领导层面对策: 认识辱虐管理危害转变观念;提升管理水平和情绪管理;主动了解员工需求,建立融洽 的上下级关系。(3)组织层面的对策:完善主管的甄选和岗前培训;健全主管考核机 制,革新管理模式;搭建员工申诉平台和帮扶渠道;优化激励方式,差异化管理。以上 建议对策,用来预防、监测、和改善企业的管理现状。以期形成事前预防、事中控制、 事后反馈的管理闭环,从而有效减少和降低辱虐管理行为的发生,削弱工作退缩行为给 组织和个人带来的不利影响。 基于本文的研究结果表明:辱虐管理对工作退缩行为之间呈明显的正关系关系,虐 管理对工作退缩行为的两个维度也具有正向的影响关系,其中辱虐管理对与心理退缩之 间的正相关关系要比行为退缩的之间的关系更加显著。说明,随着新生代女性农民工遭 受的辱虐程度增加,她们的工作退缩行为程度也随之增加,且心理退缩的程度增加更为 严重。本文的研究,在之前学者的研究基础上有一定的创新,丰富了新生代女性农民工 的相关研究,也为F制造公司对于改善新生代女性农民工的工作退缩行为提出了具体的 对策建议,对于其他组织也具有一定的参考性。但是由于本研究受到量表和问卷数量等 方面的客观因素影响,不可避免的存在不足之处,文章的最后也指出了未来的研究方向。 关键词:新生代女性农民工,工作退缩行为,辱虐管理,案例研究方法 III ABSTRACT Withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomyandtheaccelerationofurbanization,thenumberofnew generationmigrantworkersbegantoincreaserapidlyinthemiddleandlate1990s.Bytheendof2019,the totalnumberofmigrantworkersinChinahasincreasedto290.77million,andtheproportionoffemale migrantworkersis35.1%,whichis0.3%higherthanthatin2018,andmostofthemarenewgeneration femalemigrantworkers.Thislaborforceisthebackboneandactivecontributortothedevelopmentof socialismwithChinesecharacteristicsinthenewera.However,thenewgenerationoffemalemigrant workershavetheadvantagesofstrongself-esteem,pursuingequalityandfreedom,payingattentiontothe embodimentoftheirownvalues,andatthesametime,theyareaccompaniedbythecharacteristicsofpoor communication,insufficientself-advantagesandpoorsenseoforganizationalbelonging.Oncetheyare abused,theyaremorelikelytocauseworkwithdrawal,whichwillbringgreatadverseeffectsto organizationsandindividuals.Foralongtime,abusivemanagementhasbeenwidespreadinvarious organizations.Therefore,howtoreducetheadverseeffectsofthenewgenerationoffemalefarmers'work withdrawalbehavioronindividualsandorganizationshasbecomeanurgentmanagementproblemfor enterprises. TheresearchofthispapertakesFManufacturingCompanyastherepresentativeenterpriseasthe researchbackgroundandbreakthroughpoint,andtransformsthepracticalproblemsoftheenterpriseinto theoreticalresearch,aimingatprovidingsystematicsolutionstotheexistingproblemsoftheenterprise.In thispaper,takingthenewgenerationoffemalemigrantworkersastheresearchobject,fromtheperspective ofabusivemanagement,andbyusingthemethodsofliteratureanalysis,caseanalysisanddataanalysis,the causesofthejobwithdrawalbehaviorofthenewgenerationoffemalemigrantworkersareexplored,and thepracticalcountermeasuresandsuggestionsaregivenincombinationwiththeactualsituationofF ManufacturingCompany. Theoverallresearchideasofthispaperare:logicaldevelopmentof"askingquestions","analyzing questions","solvingproblems"and"summarizingproblems".First,"askquestions".Bycombingalarge numberofdocumentsandmaterials,usingliteratureanalysisandtheoreticalsummarization,thispaper IV introducestheresearchbackground,significance,researchcontentsandmethods,anddeterminesthe researchideasandtechnicalroutesofthispaper.Accordingtotheresearchdataofpreviousscholars,itis foundthatabusivemanagementhasaninevitableconnectionwithworkwithdrawalbehavior,which providestheoreticalsupportfortheresearch.Throughtheconcretecaseofthenewgenerationfemale migrantworkers'jobwithdrawalbehaviorinFManufacturingCompany,"analyzetheproblem".The representativecasesareselectedfordescriptionandanalysis,andtherelationshipbetweenabusive managementandworkwithdrawalbehaviorisconcludedasfollows:thereisapositivecorrelationbetween abusivemanagementandworkwithdrawalbehavior,inwhichverbalandnon-verbalabusivebehaviors havecausedthepsychologicalwithdrawalandbehaviorwithdrawalofthenewgenerationoffemale agriculturalfamousworkers,andthedegreeofpsychologicalwithdrawalbehaviorismoreprominent.In ordertofurtherverifytheuniversalityoftheconclusion,366validquestionnaireswereobtainedbytaking thenewgenerationoffemalemigrantworkersinFManufacturingCompanyassamples.Descriptive statisticalanalysis,reliabilityandvalidityanalysisandcorrelationanalysiswerecarriedoutonthesurvey results,whichprovedthatthequestionnairewasreliableandeffective.Accordingtothespecificreasons, combinedwiththeactualsituationofFCompany,thecorrespondingcountermeasuresandsuggestionsare givento"solvetheproblem".(1)personalcountermeasures:improvetheculturallevelandcareerplanning; Enhanceemotionalcontrolandself-adjustment;Establishgoodcommunicationandinterpersonal relationship.(2)Countermeasuresattheleadershiplevel:recognizethechangeofconceptofabuse managementhazards;Improvemanagementlevelandemotionalmanagement;Activelyunderstandthe needsofemployees,andestablishaharmoniousrelationshipbetweensuperiorsandsubordinates.(3) Countermeasuresattheorganizationallevel:improvetheselectionofsupervisorsandpre-jobtraining; Improvethesupervisorassessmentmechanismandinnovatethemanagementmode;Setupanemployee complaintplatformandhelpchannels;Optimizeincentivesanddifferentiatemanagement.Theabove suggestionsareusedtoprevent,monitorandimprovethemanagementstatusofenterprises.Inorderto formaclosed-loopmanagementofpreventioninadvance,controlintheprocessandfeedbackafterthe event,soastoeffectivelyreducetheoccurrenceofabusivemanagementbehaviorandweakentheadverse impactofworkwithdrawalbehavioronorganizationsandindividuals. V Theresearchresultsbasedonthispapershowthatthereisanobviouspositiverelationshipbetween abusivemanagementandworkwithdrawalbehavior,andabusivemanagementalsohasapositiveinfluence ontwodimensionsofworkwithdrawalbehavior,amongwhichthepositiverelationshipbetweena