随着“一带一路”核心区、陕西自贸区、西安国家中心城市建设程度的不断 加深，西安中小企业面临极大的挑战与机遇。企业要想具有竞争力，必须要有人 才竞争优势。但是，由于企业存在人力资源管理方面的问题，使人才对企业缺少 认同感和归属感，致使大量的人才流失，尤其是核心人才流失。因此，关注人力 资源管理问题，有效解决人才流失,是解决该问题的关键。 本文旨在研究西安地区中小外贸民营企业人才流失管理问题，以西安德克护 栏设施有限公司的人才流失为研究对象，采用案例研究的方法，结合国内外人才 流失相关理论和实践研究成果，深入探讨该公司当前人才流失现状，发现公司存 在薪酬待遇缺乏公平激励性、人才管理观念落后、特色企业文化建设缺失是导致 员工流失的原因。基于研究结果，从创新企业人才激励机制、强化人力资源管理 措施、加强企业文化建设方面，提出帮助该公司制定行之有效、可行性较强的人 才流失问题解决方案，以期提高该企业在同行业中的竞争力，促进企业的可持续 发展。 本文不仅有助于西安德克护栏设施有限公司发现人力资源管理中存在的问 题，还可将研究成果推广到西安同类型中小企业，为其人才流失管理提供一定的 借鉴。同时，也可为西部地区和“一带一路”沿线国家同类型中小企业人才流失 管理提供参考。 关键词：人才流失 激励机制 人力资源管理 企业文化 II ABSTRACT With the process of constructions of one belt one road’s core area, Shaanxi Free Trade Zone and National Central City, there are more great opportunities and challenges for Xi’an. If one enterprise wants to have competitiveness, it must have competitive advantage of talents. But due to many problems in human resources management, more talents have no senses of identity and belonging and resign, especially core talents. Therefore it is urgent to solve the problems of brain drain. The purpose of this paper is to explore the brain drain management of small and medium –sized foreign trade private enterprises in Xi’an, taking Xi’an Dirk Guardrail Facilities Co. Ltd. as an example. It uses case analysis method to explore the current situations on the brain drain of the company with relevant theories and researches on brain drain at home and abroad. The paper analyzes the influential factors on brain drain，including Incentive System, Talents Management and Corporate Culture. Combined with these problems, it will propose the efficient and feasible methods to solve the problems of brain drain so as to improve the competitiveness and sustainable development of the company in the industry. Furthermore, the paper’s innovation spot is mainly to study the brain drain of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Xi’an from the prospective of western development strategy and “One Belt and One Road” initiative. The study is combining the theory of brain-drain with China's actual condition and regional economic feature. It is manifestation of the theory chinization. Based on the study of the brain drain, it not only helps Xi’an Dirk Guardrail Facilities Co. Ltd. to solve the problems in human resource management, but also solve the same problems of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises. KEYWORDS：brain drain incentive system human resource management corporate culture III 目 录 摘要 ...................................................................................................................................... Ⅰ ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. Ⅱ 第一章 绪论 ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1问题的提出及研究意义 ............................................................................................. 1 1.1.1问题的提出 ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2研究意义 ............................................................................................................ 2 1.2研究内容和目的 ........................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1研究内容 ............................................................................................................ 2 1.2.2研究目的 ............................................................................................................ 3 1.3研究方法 ........................................................................................................................ 4 1.4研究的创新点 ............................................................................................................... 4 第二章 相关理论基础研究 .................................................................................................... 7 2.1人才流失相关概念 ...................................................................................................... 7 2.2人才流失理论及模型 .................................................................................................. 7 2.2.1关于人才流失影响因素研究........................................................................ 7 2.2.2关于人才流失（离职）模型研究 ............................................................ 10 2.3激励理论 ...................................................................................................................... 11 2.3.1双因素理论 ..................................................................................................... 11 2.3.2公平理论 .......................................................................................................... 11 第三章 西安德克护栏设施有限公司人才流失现状 .................................................... 13 3.1西安德克护栏设施有限公司概况 ......................................................................... 13 3.1.1公司简介 .......................................................................................................... 13 3.1.2公司总体战略和人才战略 .......................................................................... 13 3.2西安德克护栏设施有限公司人力资源现状 ....................................................... 16 3.2.1公司管理体制 ................................................................................................. 16 3.2.2公司人力资源现状 ........................................................................................ 16 3.3西安德克护栏设施有限公司人才流失现状 ....................................................... 18 3.3.1公司人才特征 ................................................................................................. 18 3.3.2公司流失人才特征 ........................................................................................ 19 3.3.3公司人才流失流向 ........................................................................................ 20 IV 3.3.4公司人才流失影响 ........................................................................................ 20 第四章 西安德克护栏设施有限公司人才流失原因分析 ........................................... 23 4.1调查设计及分析 ......................................................................................................... 23 4.1.1调查对象选择与实施 ................................................................................... 23 4.1.2调查目标设定 ................................................................................................. 23 4.1.3调查研究方法 ................................................................................................. 23 4.1.4调查问卷设计 ................................................................................................. 23 4.1.5问卷的信度及效度检验 ............................................................................... 24 4.2西安德克护栏设施有限公司人才流失影响因素分析 ..................................... 25 4.2.1个人因素 .......................................................................................................... 25 4.2.2组织因素 .......................................................................................................... 26 4.2.3社会因素 ...............................................................................