由于“全面二胎政策”的正式实施以及人口老龄化程度加剧，员工抚养孩子、 赡养老人的家庭责任和经济负担加重。同时，企业间竞争的加剧、科技水平日新 月异的变化、新商业模式与工作形态出现，员工所承担的工作的难度不断加大， 员工为了完成工作，不得不将大量的时间、精力投入于工作之中以获得足够的报 酬来履行家庭责任。除了经济责任外，抚养孩子、赡养老人等家庭责任还要求员 工将大量的身体、心理资源投入于家庭生活中，导致工作与家庭对个体有限的资 源进行争夺。而复杂的工作大量消耗了员工所拥有的资源，使得个体难以平衡工 作与家庭生活，产生工作-家庭冲突。 本研究首先梳理工作复杂性、工作-家庭冲突、时间压力、消极情绪与工作意 义感的相关理论与文献，深入分析工作复杂性、工作-家庭冲突、时间压力、消极 情绪与工作意义感之间的关系，基于资源保存理论构建研究模型并提出理论假设。 通过245份有效问卷定量分析时间压力与消极情绪在工作复杂性与工作-家 庭冲突之间的中介作用，工作意义感对时间压力与消极情绪的中介作用的调节效 应。本研究基于资源保存理论得出了以下几个主要结论：（1）时间压力在工作复 杂性与工作-家庭冲突之间起着完全中介的作用；（2）消极情绪在工作复杂性与 工作-家庭冲突之间起着完全中介的作用；（3）工作意义感调节了工作复杂性与 时间压力、消极情绪之间的关系；（4）工作意义感调节着消极情绪在工作复杂性 与工作-家庭冲突之间的中介作用，但是不能调节时间压力在工作复杂性与工作- 家庭冲突之间的中介作用。本文丰富了关于工作压力与工作-家庭冲突的研究， 讨论了工作-家庭冲突的成因、运行机制，并为实践提供启示。 关键词：工作复杂性，工作-家庭冲突，时间压力，消极情绪，工作意义感 兰州大学硕士学位论文 工作复杂性与工作-家庭冲突的关系：时间压力、消极情绪与工作意义感的作用 II THE IMPACT OF JOB COMPLEXITY ON WORK-TO- FAMILY CONFLICT: THE ROLES OF TIME PRESSURE, NEGATIVE AFFECT, AND WORK MEANINGFULNESS Abstract The formal implementation of the “Comprehensive Second Child Policy” and the aging of the population have increased the family responsibilities and financial burden of raising children and supporting the elderly. On the other hand, due to the competition among enterprises, the rapid changes in science and technology, the emergence of new business models and employment forms, and the difficulty of the work undertaken by employees, employees have to invest a lot of time and energy in order to complete their work and get enough compensation to fulfill family responsibilities during work. In addition to economic responsibility, family responsibilities for raising children and supporting the elderly also require employees to devote a large amount of physical and psychological resources to family life, and families compete for limited resources. The complicated work consumes a lot of resources owned by employees, making it difficult for individuals to balance work and family life and create work-family conflicts. This study first combs the relevant theories and literatures of work complexity, work-family conflict, time stress and negative emotions, and deeply analyzes the relationship between work complexity, work-family conflict, time pressure and negative emotions, constructs research models and proposes Theoretical assumptions. 245 valid questionnaires were used to quantitatively analyze the sequential mediating roles of time pressure and negative emotions in the relationship between work complexity and work-to-family conflict. Based on the conservation theory of resource, this study draws the following main conclusions: (1) time pressure fully mediates the relationship between job complexity and work-family conflict (3) Negative affect fully mediates the relationship between job complexity and work-family conflict; (4) work meaningfulness buffers the relationship between job complexity and time pressure and amplifies the relationship between job complexity and negative affect. This study enriches research on work stress 兰州大学硕士学位论文 工作复杂性与工作-家庭冲突的关系：时间压力、消极情绪与工作意义感的作用 III and work-to-family conflicts and provides insights into practice. Keywords: job complexity, work-to-family conflict, time pressure, negative affect， work meaningfulness 兰州大学硕士学位论文 工作复杂性与工作-家庭冲突的关系：时间压力、消极情绪与工作意义感的作用 1 目 录 中文摘要 ..................................................................................................... I Abstract ...................................................................................................... II 目 录 ........................................................................................................... 1 第一章 绪论............................................................................................. 1 1.1 研究问题的提出.............................................. 1 1.1.1 研究背景................................................ 1 1.1.2 问题的提出.............................................. 1 1.1.3 研究内容................................................ 3 1.2 研究意义.................................................... 3 1.2.1 理论意义................................................ 3 1.2.2 实践意义................................................ 4 1.3 研究思路与研究方法.......................................... 5 1.3.1 研究思路................................................ 5 1.3.2 研究方法................................................ 6 第二章 文献综述 .................................................................................... 7 2.1 工作-家庭冲突............................................... 7 2.1.1 工作-家庭冲突的概念与分类............................... 7 2.1.2 工作-家庭冲突的测量..................................... 9 2.1.3 工作-家庭冲突的相关研究................................. 9 2.1.4 小结................................................... 11 2.2 工作复杂性................................................. 11 2.2.1 工作复杂性的概念....................................... 11 2.2.2 工作复杂性的测量....................................... 12 2.2.3 工作复杂性的相关研究................................... 13 兰州大学硕士学位论文 工作复杂性与工作-家庭冲突的关系：时间压力、消极情绪与工作意义感的作用 2 2.2.4 小结................................................... 14 2.3 时间压力................................................... 14 2.3.1 时间压力的概念......................................... 14 2.3.2 时间压力的测量......................................... 15 2.3.3 时间压力的相关研究..................................... 15 2.3.4 小结................................................... 16 2.4 消极情绪................................................... 16 2.4.1 消极情绪的概念......................................... 16 2.4.2 消极情绪的测量......................................... 17 2.4.3 消极情绪的相关研究..................................... 17 2.4.4 小结................................................... 18 2.5 工作意义感................................................. 18 2.5.1 工作意义感的概念....................................... 18 2.5.2 工作意义感的测量....................................... 19 2.5.3 工作意义感的相关研究................................... 19 2.5.4 小结................................................... 20 第三章 研究假设与模型构建 .............................................................. 21 3.1 资源保存理论............................................... 21 3.2 研究假设................................................... 22 3.2.1 时间压力的中介作用：工作压力的积累效应................. 22 3.2.2 消极情绪的中介作用：情绪资源的耗费效应................. 23 3.2.3 工作意义感的调节作用：个人资源的缓冲与投资效应......... 23 3.2.4 被调节的中介效应....................................... 25 第四章 研究设计 .................................................................................. 27 4.1 变量测量................................................... 27 4.1.1 工作复杂性的测量....................................... 27 4.1.2 时间压力的测量......................................... 27 兰州大学硕士学位论文 工作复杂性与工作-家庭冲突的关系：时间压力、消极情绪与工作意义感的作用 3 4.1.3 消极情绪的测量......................................... 27 4.1.4 工作-家庭冲突的测量................