文本描述
中国改革开放后自九十年代以来经三十年的快速发展,中国资本市场多层次宽领域的 格局已经基本形成,证券市场机构化水平逐年提高,外资专业机构投资者长期资金正常态 化进入中国A股市场投资。值此国内资本市场新的历史时期,各类市场参与机构特别是证 券公司正处于业务转型发展的关键时间节点。最新的深化改革措施包括了沪深交易所分别 在科创板和创业板交易制度新规方面提出了建设性修改,这使得原有的两融业务(融资融 券和转融通业务)正面临QFII(Qualified Foreign Insitutional Investor)等境外机构投资者更好 更多参与的新发展机遇。 本论文以A证券公司为例,通过运用基本竞争战略框架理论系统性地分析了A证券公 司的两融业务发展现状以及核心竞争要素,并重点运用竞争战略理论的价值链分析工具, 和资源基础观RBV(Resource Based View)理论中VRIO(Value, Rarity, Imitability, Organization) 模型分析识别A证券公司在新的政策环境下竞争优势业务及发展机遇所在;依托该公司传 统优势的QFII客户领域,梳理如何进一步推进两融业务的具体方向,探索归纳在现有制度 下QFII参与两融业务的场景及主要运营风险,最终构建完善、有效的QFII客户参与融资 融券业务的方案体系。切实可行的证券公司QFII客户两融业务方案,将有助于提升证券公 司对QFII客户提供服务的能力,将降低包括证券借贷业务在内的杠杆类业务的运行风险, 也将切实保障QFII等境外机构投资者的权益,从而促进证券行业健康、稳步发展,并将为 本行业服务境外机构客户的标准提供实践参考,同时还检验了波特竞争战略理论框架的适 用性。 关键词:证券公司;QFII;两融业务;方案 III Abstract After the reform and opening up, the rapid development in the past three decades in the 1990s has basically shaped the structure of China’s capital market in multiple levels and wide areas. . This is a new historical period for the development of the domestic capital market. All market participants, especially securities companies, are in a critical period of business transformation and development. The Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges have proposed constructive aspects of new regulations on the science and technology board and the GEM (Growth Enterprice Market) respectively. The amendments have made the original margin financing/re-financing businesses (margin financing, securities borrowing/lending and refinancing business) facing new business development opportunities for QFII and other overseas institutional investors to better participate. This paper takes A Securities Company as an example, systematically analyzes the development status and core competitive elements of the margin financing/re-financing services of A Securities Company by using the value chain analysis tool in basic competitive strategy framework theory, and focuses on the use of resource-based theory Analytical models such as RBV(Resourced Based View) VRIO(Value, Rarity, Imitability, Organization)tool for identifying the competitive strength and business opportunities for A Securities Company ’s external business development in the current new policy environment; according to the current QFII client field of the company ’s traditional advantages, it combs how to further promote the specific direction of the margin financing/re-financing businesses and explores the construction under the existing system QFII's participation in the margin financing/re-financing business scenarios and the main operational risks, and ultimately build a complete and effective solution for QFII client participation in financing and securities lending business program system. A perfect securities company QFII customer Margin/Re-financing business plan will help to improve the service capacity of securities companies provided to QFII clients, will reduce the operating risk of leveraged businesses including securities lending business, and will effectively protect the rights and interests of foreign institutional investors such as QFII. It would also promote the healthy and steady development of the Chinese securities industry. Such research would also provide a practical IV reference for the industry's standards for serving overseas institutional clients, and it has proven the universal application of Porter's theoretical framework stated in his Competition Strategy. Keywords:Securities Company; QFII; Margin Financing/Re-Financing; Solution 目 录 致谢............. I 摘要........... II Abstract .... III 第1章 绪论............................. 1 1.1研究背景及研究意义 ..... 1 1.1.1 研究背景 ................. 1 1.1.2 研究意义 ................. 4 1.2 国内外研究现状 ............ 5 1.2.1 国外研究现状 ......... 5 1.2.2 国内研究现状 ......... 6 1.2.3 国内外研究现状评述 ............................ 7 1.3 研究问题及研究内容 .... 8 1.3.1 研究问题 ................. 8 1.3.2 本文内容 ................. 8 1.4 研究的基本思路、研究方法和创新之处 ... 9 1.4.1 研究基本思路与方法 ............................ 9 1.4.2 创新之处 ............... 10 第2章 A证券公司宏观环境及业务现状概况 .. 11 2.1 A证券公司宏观环境分析——PEST分析模型 ....................... 11 2.1.1 政治环境因素 ....... 11 2.1.2 经济环境因素 ....... 13 2.1.3 社会环境因素 ....... 16 2.1.4 科技环境因素 ....... 17 2.1.5 PEST分析结论 ...... 19 2.2 A证券公司概况 ........... 19 2.2.1 公司简介 ............... 19 2.2.2 公司组织结构 ....... 20 2.2.3 公司主营业务 ....... 21 2.3 A证券公司两融业务现状 .......................... 23 2.3.1 证券两融业务最新趋势 ...................... 23 2.3.2 公司两融业务情况简介 ...................... 27 第3章 A证券公司两融业务竞争情况及问题分析 ......................... 29 3.1 A证券公司两融业务资源情况分析——价值链和VRIO分析模型 .................... 29 3.1.1 波特价值链模型简介 .......................... 29 3.1.2 A证券公司业务价值链分析 ............... 30 3.1.3 资源基础观VRIO模型简介 .............. 32 3.1.4 公司两融业务资源VRIO分析 .......... 33 3.2 A证券公司两融业务竞争情况分析 .......... 37 3.2.1 主要竞争对手北京Z公司 .................. 37 3.2.2 其它外资背景的证券公司 .................. 38 3.2.3 A公司两融业务分析小结 ................... 39 3.3 公司两融业务发展三个问题 ..................... 41 3.3.1 两融业务客户存量增量均有限 .......... 41 3.3.2 两融业务信用资金可用总量低 .......... 41 3.3.3 两融业务人才及知识储备缓慢 .......... 42 3.4 A证券公司两融业务存在问题的原因 ...... 42 3.4.1 两融业务之前一直未允许QFII参与 42 3.4.2 两融业务资金外资券商投入谨慎 ...... 43 3.4.3 两融人才在外企文化中整合困难 ...... 44 第4章 A证券公司QFII客户融资融券及转融通方案制定 ........... 46 4.1 选择QFII特定客户群体发展业务 ........... 46 4.1.1 两融交易需求采集 .............................. 46 4.1.2 客户需求动态匹配 .............................. 48 4.2 增资以提升信用资金的总量上限 ............. 49 4.2.1 把握时机推动实施全资控股 .............. 49 4.2.2 循序渐进增加两融业务资金 .............. 50 4.3 促进QFII业务与两融业务人才融合 ....... 52 4.3.1 存量QFII业务人才的知识储备 ........ 52 4.3.2 增量两融业务人才的融合发展 .......... 53 4.4 整体参考方案架构 ...... 53 4.4.1客户账户配置方案 53 4.4.2 前台交易业务流程 .............................. 55 4.4.3 中后台支持结算业务 .......................... 58 4.4.4 两融业务风控要点 .............................. 59 第5章 A证券公司QFII客户融资融券及转融通方案实施 ........... 63 5.1 A证券公司方案实施步骤 .......................... 63 5.1.1 项目组织动员 ....... 63 5.1.2 制定流程分工 ....... 63 5.1.3 系统开发测试 ....... 63 5.1.4 客户推介上线 ....... 64 5.2 A证券公司方案实施保障 .......................... 64 5.2.1 人力资源保障 ....... 64 5.2.2 资金预算保障 ....... 65 5.2.3 政策制度保障 ....... 65 5.2.4 方案可操作性检验 .............................. 65 第6章 结论与展望............... 67 6.1 基本结论 ...................... 67 6.2 研究不足 ...................... 68 6.3 后续展望 ...................... 68