中小企业在市场经济发展中扮演着主要角色，在缓解就业压力、确保经济稳定增 长、优化经济结构等方面发挥了巨大作用。在现代国民经济中，最为主要的一个组成 部分就是中小企业，中小企业数量较多，较为广泛，经营需要银行贷款来补充其流动 资金贷款，缺少金融机构的支持，中小企业发展动力明显不足，但融资难、融资贵一 直限制我国中小企业发展，资金筹集渠道相对比较狭窄，在经营发展的过程中资金明 显不足，造成这一现象的主要原因是中小企业信贷违约率居高不下，国家出台了一系 列政策文件旨在推动中小企业的健康发展，妥善解决中小企业融资问题，因此，中小 企业信贷违约问题是一个值得认真探究的课题。 对于 HS 银行而言，其职责是服务地方经济，由于规模实力的限制，难以将金融 服务提供大型企业，但是却与中小企业存在较为密切的联系，彼此了解程度较高，都 根植于区域，旨在推动区域经济的健康发展。从银行视角分析可知，缓解信贷风险、 在显著提升中小企业信贷履约率的过程中编制完善的商业银行风险管理体系是中小 企业融资难问题得以解决的核心所在。本文主要以 HS 银行中小企业信贷违约的具体 特征进行分析和研究，通过系统梳理金融机构风险管理的相关文献，参考国内外研究 现状。本文通过将理论和实践紧密结合，运用了案例对中小企业信贷违约中存在的问 题进行分析，更能针对性分析 HS 银行中小企业信贷违约问题。 本文从商业银行内部广泛搜集与中小企业贷款相关的历史资料信息，归纳中小企 业在发展中存在的信贷违约问题，随后提出科学合理的对策建议，以期可以在显著提 升中小企业信贷质量的过程中拓展其融资渠道。在较好的满足中小企业融资需求的基 础上促进经济的全面发展，尽可能减少风险发生可能性。从企业、市场以及银行三个 方面分析得出 HS 银行在信贷违约上存在的问题，即信贷风险管理体系较差、控制风 险能力有待提高、企业信贷人员管理体系不完善、授信欠缺标准规范、信用评级制度 不健全等。本文主要得出结论：HS 银行中小企业国标行业分类多为制造业和批发零 售业，而制造业多为传统无技术含量制造业，抗击风险能力较差。不良贷款率偏高的 主要原因，既有企业自身问题，也有市场大环境问题。针对于不良贷款率高居不下应 釆取以下对策：一是健全 HS 银行中小企业信贷风险管理体系；二是严格把控中小企 业信贷风险管理步骤；三是改进中小企业信贷风险管理体系；四是改进审批并健全标 准；五是改进信用评级制度。提出来改善 HS 银行中小企业信贷违约问题的对策，从 而提高 HS 银行经济效益，有效解决 HS 银行中小企业信贷违约问题。 关键词：商业银行；中小企业；信贷违约HS 银行中小企业信贷违约问题研究 I ABSTRACT Small and medium-sized enterprises play a major role in the development of the market economy and play a huge role in easing the pressure on employment, ensuring steady economic growth and optimizing economic structure. In the modern national economy, the most main is an integral part of the small and medium-sized enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprise quantity is more, more extensive, management need a bank loan to supplement its working capital loans, the lack of the support of financial institutions, small and medium-sized enterprise development power, but the financing difficulties, financing expensive have limited the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country, financing channel is relatively narrow, in the process of operation and development fund, the main cause of this phenomenon is small and medium-sized enterprise credit default rate is high, the country launched a series of policy document aims to promote the healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises, properly solve the problem of small and medium-sized enterprise financing, Therefore, sme credit default problem is a worthy of serious research. For HS Bank, its responsibility is to serve the local economy. Due to the limitation of scale and strength, it is difficult to provide financial services to large enterprises, but it has a close relationship with small and medium-sized enterprises and has a high degree of mutual understanding. Both of them are rooted in the region, aiming at promoting the healthy development of regional economy. From the perspective of Banks, it can be seen that alleviating credit risks and compiling a sound commercial bank risk management system in the process of significantly improving the credit performance rate of smes are the core of solving the financing difficulties of smes. This paper mainly analyzes and studies the specific characteristics of credit default of small and medium-sized enterprisesin HS Banks, systematically sorts out the relevant literature on risk management of financial institutions, and refers to the research status at home and abroad. By combining theory with practice, this paper cases to analyze the problems existing in sme credit default, so as to better analyze the credit default problems of SMES in HS bank. This paper extensively collects the historical data and information related to sme loans from commercial Banks, summarizes the credit default problems of smes in their development, and then puts forward scientific and reasonable countermeasures and Suggestions in order to expand their financing channels in the process of significantlyABSTRACT II improving the credit quality of smes. On the basis of satisfying the financing needs of small and medium-sized enterprises, promote the overall development of economy and reduce the possibility of risk occurrence as far as possible. From the perspective of enterprise, market and bank, it is concluded that the existing problems of HS bank in credit default are poor credit risk management system, risk control ability to be improved, imperfect enterprise credit personnel management system, lack of standards and norms in credit granting, and imperfect credit rating system. This paper mainly comes to the conclusion that the national standard industry classification of small and medium-sized enterprises in HS bank is mostly manufacturing industry and wholesale and retail industry, while the manufacturing industry is mostly traditional manufacturing industry with no technical content, which has poor risk resistance ability. The main reasons for the high non-performing loan ratio are not only the problems of enterprises themselves, but also the market environment. In view of the high non-performing loan ratio, the following countermeasures should be taken: first, improve the credit risk management system of small and medium-sized enterprises in HS bank; Second, strictly control the small and medium-sized enterprise credit risk management steps; Third, improve the credit risk management system of smes; Fourth, improve the examination and approval and improve the standards; Fifth, we will improve the credit rating system. Put forward the countermeasures to improve the credit default problem of small and medium-sized enterprises in HS bank, so as to improve the economic benefits of HS bank and effectively solve the credit default problem of small and medium-sized enterprises in HS bank. Key words commercial banks; SMEs; credit defaultHS 银行中小企业信贷违约问题研究 1 目 录 第一章 绪论·· 1 第一节 选题背景·········· 1 第二节 研究目的与意义···1 一、研究目的··············1 二、研究意义··············2 第三节 国内外研究现状···2 一、国外研究现状········2 二、国内研究现状········3 第四节 研究思路和研究内容···············3 一、研究思路··············3 二、研究内容··············4 第五节 研究方法············4 第二章 核心概念及理论基础·5 第一节 核心概念············5 一、中小企业的概念·····5 二、中小企业发展现状··6 三、中小企业信贷业务特征············· 6 四、信贷违约的概念·····7 第二节 理论基础············8 一、银行风险管理理论··8 二、信息不对称理论···10 三、不完全合约理论···10 四、企业价值理论······10 第三章 HS 银行中小企业信贷违约现状分析················12 第一节 HS 银行基本情况12 第二节 HS 银行中小企业信贷及违约现状·············· 12目录 2 第三节 HS 银行中小企业信贷违约案例················· 15 第四节 HS 银行中小企业信贷违约成因分析··········· 18 一、信贷风险管理体系不完善·········18 二、风险管控能力欠缺18 三、企业信贷人员管理体系不完善···19 四、授信欠缺标准规范20 五、信用评级制度不健全