文本描述
近年来,我国深入贯彻创新驱动发展战略,高度重视R&D活动,各行业R&D 投入不断提升,在这种情况下,企业的创新能力和效率直接关系着企业的生存和 发展。在宏观经济下行压力的影响下,我国部分行业面临整体销售收入增速放缓, 竞争加剧的严峻考验。为应对竞争,保住市场份额,企业纷纷加大R&D投入力 度。然而,企业用于R&D活动的资源是有限的,合理的R&D结构对企业创新 绩效的增长具有重要意义。本文从微观层面出发,探宄企业R&D效率与R&D 结构优化策略,通过优化R&D资源配置,为企业的创新发展提供指导性意见。 本文以日照鑫禾公司为例,在国内外己有研宄的基础上,重点研宄目标企业 在竞争市场条件下,如何调整自身R&D投入结构,有效配置R&D资源,进而 提高创新绩效的问题。因此,本文的具体研宄思路是:首先采用数据包络分析法 (DEA),以R&D全时人员当量、R&D经费支出、技改经费支出作为鑫禾公 司R&D投入指标,以知识成果综合指标、新产品销售额作为产出指标,构建多 投入多产出的决策单元(DMUs)。考虑到R&D投入与产出在时间上存在滞后 性,本文在研宄中采取了1年滞后期间,以此建立C2及和BCC模型,对鑫禾公 司2015-2019年的R&D效率进行评价分析,对综合技术效率CTE)、纯技术效 率(PTE)、规模效率(SE)值进行分析,并对非DEA有效的投入组合进行投 影分析,使之达到DEA有效,得出在效率最佳状态下的最优R&D投入结构。 另外,在研宄过程中还用到了灰色关联分析法(GRA),得出鑫禾公司R&D投 入对产出的灰色关联度,以此确定了R&D投入结构优化目标。最后建立了GM (1,1)预测模型,对麄禾公司未来各项R&D投入进行预测。 本文通过对鑫禾公司的R&D效率以及R&D投入结构优化的实证分析,结 果表明鑫禾公司近五年来R&D效率处于先升高后下降的变化,2019年出现了规 模效率递减趋势。在规模效率最佳状态下,鑫禾公司各R&D投入要素的结构比 重保持在R&D人员占总人数比重24%,R&D经费支出占研发总支出比重46%, 技改经费支出占研发总支出比重54%情况下,公司研发效率和创新绩效相对较 高。鑫禾公司可通过提高R&D人员综合素质,提升技改资金利用效率等措施来 优化R&D投入结构。本文所提出的相关建议,以期能够为鑫禾公司和同行业的 其他公司的创新发展予以指导和借鉴。 关键词:R&D效率:DEA;R&D投入结构优化;鑫禾公司 Abstract Inrecentyears,Chinahasdeeplyimplementedthestrategyofinnovation-driven developmentandattachedgreatimportancetoR&Dactivities.R&Dinvestmentin variousindustrieshasbeencontinuouslyimproved.Theinnovationabilityand efficiencyofenterprisesdirectlyaffectthesurvivalanddevelopmentofenterprises. Undertheinfluenceofthedownwardpressureofthemacroeconomy,manyadditive industryisfacingaseveretestofoverallsalesrevenuegrowthslowingdownand intensifyingcompetition.Tocopewithcompetitionandmaintainmarketshare, companieshaveincreasedtheirR&Dinvestment.However,theresourcesusedby enterprisesforR&Dactivitiesarelimited,andareasonableR&Dstructureisofgreat significancetothegrowthofenterpriseinnovationperformance.Fromthemicrolevel, thisarticleexplorestheoptimizationofR&DefficiencyandR&Dstructureof enterprises,andprovidesguidanceforenterprises'innovativedevelopmentby optimizingtheallocationofR&Dresources. ThispaperselectsXinyuanCompany,arepresentativeenterpriseinthecitric acidindustry.Basedontheexistingresearchathomeandabroad,itfocusesonhowto adjusttheR&Dinputstructureofthetargetcompanyundercompetitivemarket conditions,effectivelyallocateR&Dresources,andthenimproveinnovation performance..Therefore,thespecificresearchideasofthisarticleare:First,usedata envelopmentanalysis(DEA),takingR&Dfull-timepersonnelequivalent,R&D expenditures,andtechnicalreformexpendituresasXinyuanCompanyR&Dinput indicators,andknowledgeachievementcomprehensiveindicators,newProductsales areusedasoutputindicatorstoconstructdecision-makingunits(DMUs)with multipleinputsandmultipleoutputs.ConsideringthetimelagofR&Dinputand output,thispaperadoptsaone-yearlagperiodinthestudytoestablishC2RandBCC modeltoevaluateandanalyzetheR&DefficiencyofXinhecompanyfrom2015to 2019.Analysisofefficiency(TE),puretechnicalefficiency(PTE),andscale efficiency(SE)values,andprojectionanalysisofnon-DEAeffectiveinput combinationstoobtaintheoptimalR&Dinputstructureunderthebestefficiency.In addition,thegraycorrelationanalysismethod(GRA)wasalsousedintheresearch processtoobtainthegraycorrelationdegreeofXinhe 'sR&Dinputtooutput,soasto determinetheR&Dinputstructureoptimizationgoal.Finally,aGM(1,1)prediction modelisestablishedtopredicttheR&DinvestmentofXinhe. ThispaperhasconductedanempiricalanalysisofXinhe'sR&Defficiencyand R&Dinputstructureoptimization.TheresultsshowthatXinhe'sR&Defficiencyhas beeninatrendofincreasingfirstandthendecreasinginthepastfiveyears.In2019, therehasbeenatrendofdecreasingscaleefficiency.Inthebeststate,thestructural proportionofeachR&DinputelementofXinheCompanyremainsat24%ofthetotal numberofR&Dpersonnel,R&Dexpenditureaccountsfor46%oftotalR&D expenditure,andtechnologicalreformexpenditureaccountsfor54%oftotalR&D expenditure.R&Defficiencyandinnovationperformancearerelativelyhigh.Xinhe canoptimizetheR&Dinvestmentstructurebyimprovingthecomprehensivequality ofR&Dpersonnelandtheefficiencyoftheuseoffundsfortechnological transformation.Therelevantsuggestionsputforwardinthisarticlecanprovide guidanceandreferencefortheinnovationanddevel