消费是拉动经济增长的首要动力，虽然近年来社会消费总额增速有所放缓， 但是餐饮行业占社会消费总额的比重近几年却稳步攀升，其刚需属性非常明显。 与此同时，餐饮行业业态也不断丰富发展，团餐成为行业发展的佼佼者，飞速发 展。然而，在激烈的市场竞争中，大多数团餐企业的管理仍较为粗放，招工难、 留人难等问题日渐凸显。究其原因，主要是大多数团餐企业没有将人力资源管理 置于企业发展的战略地位，在员工激励方面缺乏科学合理的机制，导致了人员流 失率极高。因此，如何根据团餐企业特有的人力资源问题，研究其激励机制并进 行优化设计，这对于整个团餐企业的发展具有十分重要的意义和作用。 本文主要运用所学相关激励理论知识，通过实地调查、数据分析和访谈法等 方式，以C公司为典型案例，根据该公司人力资源管理的具体情况以及本人工作 经历总结，对其激励机制进行考察。从人力资源现状、员工构成及需求特性、激 励机制的影响因素等方面分析团餐企业员工激励的现状，发现其中的主要问题包 括：员工对企业的薪酬福利不满意，员工考核体系不明确，员工的职业晋升机制 不明晰，员工的继续教育培训较为薄弱。上述这些问题普遍存在众多团餐企业中， 成为影响团餐企业员工缺乏工作动力和忠诚度的主要原因。 在厘清基本概念以及相关理论背景的基础上，本文运用需求层次理论，以员 工需求多样性为导向，从企业管理、员工需求与道德诚信等多个维度进行考量， 通过借鉴索迪斯、中快餐饮等激励机制，提出了优化团餐企业员工激励机制的具 体对策：建立科学合理的薪酬体系和公平科学的绩效考核体系，引进孵化器模式 的合伙人制度用于构建利益共同体，重视员工职业发展规划，树立人本管理的理 念，进而提升人力资源管理的战略定位。在此基础上，本文尝试给出团餐企业激 励机制优化设计模型，并分析了团餐企业激励机制实施的保障因素，以期从理论 上丰富员工的激励理论，实践中提高团餐企业的核心竞争力，为我国团餐企业激 励机制的优化提供参考和借鉴。 关键词：团餐企业，员工激励，激励机制，机制优化 II Researchonoptimizationofemployeeincentive mechanismingroupmealenterprise—Casestudy ofCcompany Abstract Consumptionistheprimarydrivingforceofeconomicgrowth.Althoughthe growthrateoftotalsocialconsumptionhassloweddowninrecentyears,the proportionofcateringindustryintotalsocialconsumptionhassteadilyincreased.Its rigidityisveryobvious.Atthesametime,intheprocessofthecontinuous developmentofthecateringindustry,groupmealhasbecometheleaderofthe cateringindustry,developingrapidly.However,inthefiercemarketcompetition,the managementofmostgroupmealenterprisesisstillrelativelyextensive.Itisdifficult torecruitandretainpeople.Themainreasonisthatmostgroupmealenterprisesdon’t puthumanresourcemanagementinthestrategicpositionofenterprisedevelopment, andlackofscientificandreasonableemployeeincentivemechanism,whichleadstoa highrateofpersonnelturnover.Therefore,howtooptimizethedesignoftheincentive mechanismaccordingtotheuniquehumanresourceproblemsofthegroupmeal enterpriseisofgreatsignificanceandroletothedevelopmentofthewholegroup mealenterprise. Thispapermainlyusestherelevantknowledgeofincentivetheory,throughfield investigation,dataanalysisandinterviewmethods,takingcompanyCasatypical case,andcombinedwiththespecificsituationofthecompany'shumanresource managementandtheworkexperienceIsummarized,toinvestigateitsincentive mechanism.Thispaperanalyzesthecurrentsituationofemployeemotivationingroup cateringenterprisesfromtheaspectsofhumanresources,personnelcomposition, demandcharacteristicsandinfluencingfactorsofincentivemechanism,andfindsthat themainproblemsare:theemployeesarenotsatisfiedwiththesalaryandwelfareof theenterprise,theevaluationsystemofemployeesisnotclear,thepromotion mechanismofemployeesisnotclear,andthecontinuouseducationandtrainingof employeesisweak.Theaboveproblemsarecommoninmanygroupmealenterprises, III whichisthemainreasonforthelackofworkmotivationandloyaltyofgroupmeal employees. Basedonthebasicconceptsandrelatedtheoreticalbackground,thispaperuses thehierarchyofneedstheory,orientedbythediversityofemployeeneed,and considersmultipledimensionssuchasenterprisemanagement,employeeneedsand moralintegrity.WithreferencetoSodexo,Zhongkuaicateringandotherincentive mechanisms,thispaperputsforwardspecificcountermeasurestooptimizethe incentivemechanismofgroupcateringenterprises:toestablishascientificand reasonablesalarysystemandafairandscientificperformanceappraisalsystem;to introducetheincubatorpartnersystemtoestablishamodelofcommunityofinterests; toattachimportancetothecareerdevelopmentplanningofstaff;toestablisha people-orientedmanagementconceptandthenimprovethehumanresource managementstrategyPosition.Onthisbasis,thispaperattemptstogivetheoptimal designmodelofincentivemechanismofgroupmealenterprises,andanalyzesthe guaranteefactorsoftheimplementationofincentivemechanismofgroupmeal enterprises.Inordertoenrichthetheoryofemployeemotivationintheory,improve thecorecompetitivenessofgroupmealenterprisesinpractice,andprovidereference fortheoptimizationofincentivemechanismofgroupmealenterprisesinChina. Keywords：groupmealenterprise，staffincentive，incentive mechanism，mechanismoptimization IV 目录 中文摘要........................................................................................................................I Abstract......................................................................................................................II 第一章绪论..................................................................................................................1 1.1研究的背景.....................................................................................................1 1.2研究的意义.....................................................................................................1 1.3国内外研究综述.............................................................................................2 1.3.1国外研究现状......................................................................................2 1.3.2国内研究现状......................................................................................3 1.4研究内容和方法.............................................................................................5 1.4.1研究内容..............................................................................................5 1.4.2研究方法..............................................................................................5 1.5本文创新点.....................................................................................................6 第二章激励机制相关概念和理论..............................................................................7 2.1相关概念.........................................................................................................7 2.1.1激励的含义..........................................................................................7 2.1.2激励机制的含义..................................................................................7 2.2相关理论.........................................................................................................8 2.2.1马斯洛需求层次理论..........................................................................8 2.2.2双因素理论..........................................................................................8 2.2.3公平理论..............................................................................................9 第三章团餐企业员工激励机制分析---C公司案例研究......................................10 3.1C公司组织架构............................................................................................10 3.1.1C公司员工构成及特点分析.............................................................10 3.1.2C公司员工行为特点及需求分析.....................................................11 3.2C公司员工的激励机制及其影响因素........................................................13 3.3C公司激励机制存在的主要问题................................................................14 3.4国内团餐人力资源状况的分析小结...........................................................16 第四章国内外团餐企业激励机制的多案例比较分析...........................................17 4.1国外团餐知名企业——索迪斯公司的激励机制.......................................17 4.1.1索迪斯公司的背景介绍....................................................................17 4.1.2索迪