在国民经济高速运行和国家政策的积极支持下，小微企业迅速崛 起，其信贷需求相应增加。由于小微企业存在管理混乱、信贷抵押物 薄弱、不稳定的经营情况等问题，加大了各大银行信贷业务风险。 普惠金融是满足金融机构控制营运成本和坚持可持续发展的条 件下提供更多公平的金融服务，强调普惠特色，兼顾公平原则，近年 来各大商业银行相继成立普惠金融中心，积极开展普惠金融业务，以 满足各类客户需求。本文在系统地回顾了信贷风险和普惠金融相关研 究基础上，运用全面风险管理理论、信息不对称理论、生命周期理论、 内部控制理论分析了建行河西分行小微企业普惠金融信贷业务存在 的突出问题，发现建行河西分行存在信用风险问题、操作风险问题、 流动性风险问题，其关键问题是银企之间信息不对称、信用评估体系 不完善、商业银行内部控制制度不完善、法律制度不健全、员工全面 风险管理意识不足、未考虑企业及行业生命周期、商业银行对普惠金 融认知存在偏差、贷后管理不全面。结合建行河西分行实际情况，提 出在防范小微企业普惠金融信贷风险的对策，包括营造小微企业普惠 金融发展环境、增强资本市场对小微企业的支持力度、深化商业银行 普惠金融服务转型、提升员工全面风险管理意识。研究对全面防范小 微企业信贷风险，加快银行信贷工作稳健运营，改善小微企业“融资 难”现状，有一定的借鉴意义。 关键词：小微企业；普惠金融；信用风险；操作风险；流动性风险II Abstract With the rapid development of national economy and the active support of national policies, micro enterprises have risen rapidly, and their credit demand has increased accordingly. Due to the problems of micro enterprises such as disordered management, weak credit collateral and unstable operation, the credit business risks of major banks have been increased. Inclusive Finance is to provide more fair financial services under the conditions of satisfying financial institutions' control of operating costs and adhering to sustainable development, emphasizing inclusive features and taking into account the principle of fairness. In recent years, major commercial banks have successively established inclusive financial centers and actively carried out inclusive financial services to meet the needs of various customers. Based on a systematic review of the relevant research on credit risk and inclusive finance, this paper analyzes the prominent problems in inclusive financial credit business of micro enterprises in Hexi Branch of China Construction Bank by using comprehensive risk management theory, information asymmetry theory, life cycle theory and internal control theory, and finds that Hexi Branch of China Construction Bank has credit risk problems, operational risk problems and liquidity risk problems. The key problems are information asymmetry between banks andIII enterprises, imperfect credit evaluation system, imperfect internal control system of commercial banks, imperfect legal system, insufficient awareness of employees' comprehensive risk management, failure to consider the life cycle of enterprises and industries, deviation of commercial banks' cognition of GSF, and incomplete post loan management. Combined with the actual situation of Hexi Branch of China Construction Bank, this paper puts forward countermeasures to prevent the inclusive financial credit risk of micro enterprises, including creating an inclusive financial development environment for micro enterprises, enhancing the support of capital market for micro enterprises, deepening the inclusive financial service transformation of commercial banks, and improving the overall risk management awareness of employees. The research has certain reference significance to prevent the credit risk of micro enterprises in an all-round way, speed up the steady operation of bank credit work, and improve the current situation of "financing difficulty" of micro enterprises. Keywords: Micro Enterprises；Inclusive Finance；Credit Risk； Operational Risk；Liquidity Risk目 录 摘要......................................................................................................... I Abstract ................................................................................................... II 1 绪论..........................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景与意义 ..................................................................................1 1.1.1 研究背景............................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究意义............................................................................................2 1.2 文献综述...............................................................................................2 1.2.1 信贷风险研究现状 ...........................................................................2 1.2.2 小微企业信贷风险研究现状 ...........................................................4 1.2.3 普惠金融研究现状 ...........................................................................7 1.2.4 研究述评..........................................................................................10 1.3 研究方法及技术路线 ........................................................................10 1.3.1 研究方法..........................................................................................10 1.3.2 技术路线..........................................................................................10 1.4 可能的创新.........................................................................................11 2 理论基础................................................................................................13 2.1 全面风险管理理论 ............................................................................13 2.1.1 信用风险..........................................................................................13 2.1.2 操作风险..........................................................................................15 2.1.3 流动性风险 .....................................................................................16 2.2 生命周期理论 ....................................................................................17 2.3 信息不对称理论 ................................................................................19 2.4 内部控制理论 ....................................................................................20 3 建行河西分行普惠金融信贷业务现状 ...............................................223.1 建行河西分行基本情况 ....................................................................22 3.2 普惠金融信贷业务发展 ....................................................................23 3.2.1 信贷资金质量稳步提升 .................................................................25 3.2.2 信贷政策落实到位 .........................................................................26 3.2.3 运用大数据实现批量营销 .............................................................26 3.2.4 信贷业务流程优化 .........................................................................26 3.2.5 公司与个人业务联动发展 .............................................................27 3.3 普惠金融信贷业务发展的主要问题 ................................................27 4 建行河西分行普惠金融信贷风险分析 ...............................................29 4.1 信用风险分析 ....................................................................................29 4.1.1 信用风险特征 .................................................................................29 4.1.2 信用风险成因 .................................................................................29 4.2 操作风险分析 ....................................................................................31 4.2.1 操作风险特征 .................................................................................31 4.2.2 操作风险成因 .................................................................................32 4.3 流动性风险分析 ................................................................................35 4.3.1 流动性风险特征 .............................................................................35 4.3.2 流动性风险成因 ....................................