知识经济时代已然降临，知识成为当今社会发展的重要生产要素和关键性 资源，研发团队作为企业开展知识创新活动的基本单元也发挥着重要的作用。研 发团队进行创新的本质是利用知识型成员间多元化的知识促进新创意或观点的 产生，作为研发团队的典型特征，知识异质性成为提升研发团队创造力的重要因 素。然而，知识异质性对团队创造力的影响是把双刃剑，既有正向的推动作用， 也可能会降低团队内知识的有效的转移与整合，产生负向的作用。因此，探究知 识异质性与团队创造力之间的作用机制，解释知识异质性可能产生的不同影响， 兼具理论意义与实践价值。本文采用理论与实证相结合的方法，从知识管理的视 角探讨了知识异质性对团队创造力的影响机制问题，研究团队如何通过知识协 同过程，更好地整合、利用团队成员间的知识异质性以激发团队创造力。 本文回顾了创造力理论、知识管理理论、协同理论等相关基础理论，并在梳 理知识异质性、知识协同、团队创造力等相关研究的基础上，对研究所涉及的核 心概念作出界定，进而构建了本文的理论模型并提出15条研究假设。随后，以 企业研发团队为调研对象进行问卷的设计与调查，并回收262份有效问卷。 通过因子分析、Pearson相关性分析、回归分析、bootstrap等方法对收回的 有效问卷进行实证分析，以验证本文所提出的研究假设。实证结果表明:（1）知 识异质性对团队创造力存在倒U型关系，但知识技能、职业经验与团队创造力 正相关。（2）知识异质性对知识协同存在倒U型关系，其中，知识异质性对知 识共享和知识应用起到促进作用，对知识转移和知识整合存在倒U型影响。（3） 知识协同对团队创造力有正向影响，其中知识共享、知识转移、知识整合、知识 整合四维度均对团队创造力起到促进作用。（4）在知识异质性与团队创造力的关 系中，知识协同起中介效应。最后提出保持合理水平的知识异质性、提高研发团 队知识协同的氛围与理念、提高研发团队知识协同的效率与效果等管理建议。 关键词：知识异质性；知识协同；团队创造力；知识管理 II Abstract With the coming of the knowledge economy, knowledge becomes a key resource for economic growth and social development. As the basic unit of knowledge innovation, R&D team of the enterprises play an important role. The essence of R & D team innovation is to use diversified knowledge among members to promote the creation of new ideas or ideas. As a typical feature of R & D teams, knowledge heterogeneity has become an important factor in enhancing the creativity of R & D teams. However, the impact of knowledge heterogeneity on team creativity is a double- edged sword, which not only has a positive role in promoting, but also may limit the effective transfer and integration of knowledge and create a lot of negative issues. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of knowledge heterogeneity and team creativity, explaining the different effects of knowledge heterogeneity has theoretical significance and practical value. This thesis explores the mechanism of the impact of knowledge heterogeneity on team creativity from the perspective of knowledge management, and studies how teams can better integrate and use knowledge heterogeneity among team members to stimulate team creativity through the process of knowledge collaboration. This thesis reviews the basic theories such as team creativity theory, knowledge management theory, and collaboration theory, and sorts out related research on knowledge heterogeneity, knowledge collaboration, team creativity, etc., and defines the core concepts involved in the research. The theoretical model of this paper is constructed and 15 research hypotheses are proposed. Subsequently, a questionnaire design and survey was conducted on the R&D team, and 262 valid questionnaires were recovered. Empirical analysis was performed by factor analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, regression analysis, bootstrap and other methods to verify the research hypothesis proposed in this thesis. The results show that: (1) Knowledge heterogeneity has an inverted U-shaped relationship with team creativity. (2) Knowledge heterogeneity has an inverted U-shaped relationship with knowledge collaboration; among them, knowledge heterogeneity promotes knowledge sharing and application, and has an inverted U-shaped effect on knowledge transfer and knowledge integration. (3) Knowledge collaboration has a positive impact on team creativity. Knowledge sharing, knowledge transfer and knowledge integration all have positive effects on team III creativity. (4) In the relationship between knowledge heterogeneity and team creativity, Knowledge Synergy plays a part of intermediary effect. The conclusion of this thesis provides a reference for the formation of team heterogeneity and the promotion of creativity. Finally, management suggestions such as maintaining a reasonable level of knowledge heterogeneity, improving the atmosphere and concept of knowledge collaboration among R&D teams, and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge collaboration among R&D teams are put forward. Key words: Knowledge heterogeneity; Knowledge collaboration; Team creativity; Knowledge management IV 目 录 摘要............................................................... I Abstract........................................................... II 第1章 导论......................................................... 1 1.1研究背景、目的与意义......................................... 1 1.1.1选题背景 ............................................... 1 1.1.2研究目的 ............................................... 2 1.1.3研究意义 ............................................... 2 1.2国内外研究现状............................................... 3 1.2.1团队创造力的研究现状 ................................... 3 1.2.2知识异质性的研究现状 ................................... 5 1.2.3知识协同的研究现状 ..................................... 6 1.2.4研究评述 ............................................... 8 1.3研究的主要内容、方法和技术路线............................... 9 1.3.1研究的主要内容 ......................................... 9 1.3.2研究方法、技术路线 .................................... 10 第2章 相关理论基础与概念.......................................... 12 2.1理论基础.................................................... 12 2.1.1创造力相关理论 ........................................ 12 2.1.2知识管理理论 .......................................... 14 2.1.3协同理论 .............................................. 15 2.2相关概念界定................................................ 16 2.2.1研发团队 .............................................. 16 2.2.2团队创造力 ............................................ 17 2.2.3知识异质性 ............................................ 18 2.2.4知识协同 .............................................. 20 第3章 研究假设与理论模型.......................................... 22 3.1理论模型的构建.............................................. 22 3.2研究假设.................................................... 23 3.2.1知识异质性与团队创造力的关系假设 ...................... 23 3.2.2知识异质性与知识协同的关系假设 ........................ 24 3.2.3知识协同与团队创造力的关系假设 ........................ 25 3.2.4知识异质性、知识协同与团队创造力的关系假设 ............ 27 3.2.5研究假设归纳 .......................................... 28 3.3本章小结.................................................... 28 第4章 研究设计.................................................... 29 4.1研究量表设计................................................ 29 4.2研究对象.................................................... 30 4.3变量测量.................................................... 30 4.3.1知识异质性的测量 ...................................... 30 4.3.2团队创造力的测量 ...................................... 31 4.3.3知识协同的测量 ........................................ 32 4.4预调研与问卷修正............................................ 33 V 4.5本章小结.................................................... 36 第5章 实证分析.................................................... 37 5.1数据收集与样本特征.......................................... 37 5.1.1数据收集 .............................................. 37 5.1.2样本特征 .............................................. 37 5.1.3汇聚检验 .............................................. 38 5.2共同方法偏差.............................