近年来，小微企业的快速发展为我国社会经济注入了一股强大活力，在促进 科技创新、优化产业结构、稳定就业增长等各领域，小微企业都扮演着举足轻重 的主要角色。从银行角度来看，顺应时代的发展、响应政府的要求，做好做强普 惠金融业务具有十分重要的意义。小微企业由于自身规模小、实力较为薄弱、抗 风险能力差，常常受到外部市场环境影响。因此，如何做好小微企业信贷产品的 风险管理，促进小微企业又好又快发展，是必须认真思考和解决的重要课题。 本文运用文献研究法、问卷调查法、访谈法和实地调查法，以工商银行DQ支 行“e抵快贷”为研究对象，探索其存在的风险管理问题及成因，并提出该产品整 体风险管理的改进方案，以期能够更好地控制风险，进而为企业创造更好的经济 效益和社会效益，同时也为其他银行同类业务发展提供参考和借鉴。 研究发现，工商银行DQ支行“e抵快贷”风险管理主要包括风险管理机制、 业务流程、信贷从业人员三方面的问题。在“e抵快贷”风险管理上，除了存在传 统信贷业务普遍存在的一些管理漏洞之外，还存在此类线上贷款产品风险管控中 的特有新风险点。在贷后管理机制上，主要是系统缺少采集外部数据的途径，无 法实现贷后管理直接由系统机控，信息反馈的机制不够完善，人为因素干预过多； 在业务流程中，主要可以归纳为客户准入、抵押品及贷款流向难以把控等问题； 在从业人员方面，主要表现为信贷从业人员综合素质良莠不齐，部分信贷从业人 员不思进取等。究其原因，主要是小微企业实力较弱小，财务管理不规范，管理 素质待提高，贷款常常挪作他用又难以监控。同时，银行的流程审批环节中的经 营实体认定、押品价值认定等关系到贷款的重要信息无法根据企业提供的影像资 料进行自动识别审定，缺乏监测贷款资金流向和企业经营变化的动态能力。信贷 人员缺少责任心和风险意识也是原因之一。 针对存在的问题和原因，本文提出了“e抵快贷”风险管理的优化解决策略： （1）健全“e抵快贷”风险管理机制。要完善全面风险管理体系，要健全监测及 预警机制，要优化客户评级标准。（2）强化“e抵快贷”管理流程。要加强贷前 调查，要优化审批流程，要强化贷后管理。（3）优化“e抵快贷”风险管理工具。 要利用行内大数据平台，要拓宽信息挖掘渠道，要联动上下级部门。（4）提升相 关从业人员素质。要强化培养人才队伍，完善合理激励和约束制度。 关键词：小微企业；信贷风险管理；工商银行；e抵快贷 Abstract Inrecentyears,therapiddevelopmentofsmallandmicroenterpriseshasinjecteda strongvitalityintoChina'ssocialeconomy.Smallandmicroenterprisesplayan importantroleinpromotingscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,optimizing industrialstructure,stabilizingemploymentgrowthandotherfields.Fromthe perspectiveofbanks,itissignificantlyremarkabletocomplywiththetrendandactively respondtothecalloflocalgovernmentinstrengtheninginclusivefinancialbusiness. Smallandmicroenterprisesareoftennegativelyaffectedbytheexternalfactorsinthe marketbecauseofasmallereconomyofscale,andapoormanagementofrisk. Therefore,behavingwellintheriskmanagementofcreditproductsofsmallandmicro enterprisesandpromotingrapiddevelopmentofsmallandmicroenterprisesisan importantissuethatwemustbeseriouslyconsideredandsolved. ThispapertakesDQSub-branchofICBCasanexamplewhichexploresthe existingriskmanagementproblemsandputsforwardtheimprovementschemeofthe overallriskmanagementoftheproductthroughanalyzingthemethodsofliterature reviewinordertobalancetheleveloftherisk.Therefore,itisconcernedthatweare morelikelytocreatebettereconomicandsocialbenefitsforenterprises,andalso providereferenceforthedevelopmentofsimilarbusinessofotherbanks. TheriskmanagementofDQSub-branchofICBCmainlyincludesthreeaspects: riskmanagementmechanism,businessprocessandcreditpractitioners.Intherisk managementof"online-loan-link",therearealsosomeuniquenewriskpointsinthe riskmanagementandcontrolofsuchonlineloanproductswithrespecttosome commonmanagementloopholesinthetraditionalcreditbusiness.Inthepostloan managementmechanism,themainproblemsarethatthesystemlacksthewaytocollect externaldatabecausethepostloanmanagementcannotbedirectlycontrolledbythe system,aswellasthemechanismofinformationfeedbackisnotperfect,andthehuman factorinterventionisheavilyrepresented.Inthebusinessprocess,itcanbesummarized astheproblemsofcustomeraccess.Meanwhile,collateralandloanflowdirectionare difficulttocontrol.Intermsofpersonnel,thecomprehensivequalityofcredit practitionersisuneven,andsomeofthemarenotenterprising.Themainreasonisthat smallandmicroenterprisesarenotstrongenoughtostandardizetheirfinancial managementandmanagementqualityneedstobeimproved,aswellasloansareoften usedforotherpurposesanddifficulttomonitor.Atthesametime,theimportant informationrelatedtotheloan,suchasbusinessentityidentificationandcollateralvalue identificationintheprocessofbankapproval,cannotbeautomaticallyidentifiedand approvedaccordingtotheimagedataprovidedbytheenterprise,andlacksthedynamic abilitytomonitortheflowofloanfundsandbusinesschanges.Thelackof responsibilityandriskawarenessofcreditpractitionersisalsooneofthereasons. Fromtheperspectiveoftheexistingproblems,thispaperlooksforwardtheoptimal solutiontodealwith"online-loan-link"riskmanagement:First,improving "online-loan-link"riskmanagementmechanism.Weshouldimprovethecomprehensive riskmanagementsystem,improvethemonitoringandearlywarningmechanism,and optimizethecustomerratingstandards.Second,strengtheningthemanagementprocess of"online-loan-link".Weshouldstrengthenpreloaninvestigation,optimizethe approvalprocess,andstrengthenpostloanmanagement.Third,optimizingtherisk managementtoolof"online-loan-link".Weshouldmakeuseoftheinternalbigdata platform,broadenthechannelsofinformationmining,andlinkthesuperiorand subordinatedepartments.Fourth,improvingthequalityofrelevantemployees.We shouldstrengthenthetrainingoftalentsandimprovethereasonableincentiveand restraintsystem. Key-words：SmallandMicroEnterprises;CreditRiskManagement;ICBC; online-loan-link 目录 1.绪论...............................................................................................................................1 1.1选题的背景和意义.............................................................................................1 1.1.1选题背景..................................................................................................1 1.1.2研究意义..................................................................................................2 1.2文献综述.............................................................................................................3 1.2.1国外研究综述..........................................................................................3 1.2.2国内研究综述..........................................................................................3 1.2.3简要评述..................................................................................................5 1.3研究内容与研究方法.........................................................................................6 1.3.1研究内容..................................................................................................6 1.3.2研究方法..................................................................................................6 2.相关概念及理论基础...................................................................................................8 2.1企业信贷风险管理相关概念.............................................................................8 2.1.1小微企业的概念及特点..........................................................................8 2.1.2小微企业信贷风险特征及类型..............................................................9 2.1.3信贷风险管理概念................................................................................10 2.2信贷风险管理的相关理论...............................................................................11 2.2.1企业信贷风险管理基本理论................................................................11 2.2.2影响小微企业信贷风险管理的因素....................................................12 2.3互联网金融领域相关理论...............................................................................13 2.3.1互联网金融概念及特点........................................................................13 2.3.2对信贷风险管理的影响........................................................................13 3.工商银行DQ支行“e抵快贷”的风险管理现状...............