改革开放以来，全球经济一体化进程不断加快，中国与世界各国在经济上的 往来也越来越频繁，这一背景下，国内企业面临的挑战也更加多样，既有 国内外 同行业的挤压，也有来自技术更新的挑战。为了在世界经济的浪潮中逆流而上， 企业一定要更加注重创新和管理，必须要有“打铁还需自身硬”的信念，而这一 切归根结 底还是需要人才，全球经济一体化对企业提出的更高要求会转嫁为企业 对人才的更高要求，在企业的严格要求和人才市场的激烈竞争下，企业员工的压 力就会越来越大，而工作 中的压力既有正面的也有负面的，并且绝大部分时候这 些压力会反馈到员工的工作中，适当的压力会使员工长时间的保持着高昂的斗志， 而压力过大就适得其反，影响员工的工 作效率和质量。所以，企业必须更加注重 对员工的工作状态的检测，时刻了解员工的心理状态，这样才能使员工以最佳的 状态投入到工作中。 随着橡胶市场行情及价格持续低迷 ，Y企业的经营压力越来越大，在这一背 景下，本文通过实地调研，以了解Y企业基层员工工作压力来源，数据表明，Y 企业员工总体压力较大，并且不同性别、不同年龄段所面对 的工作压力是不一样 的，如30岁以下的青年员工总体工作压力都较大，尤其是人际关系压力、职业 发展压力、家庭支持压力方面。对于初中及以下学历的基层员工而言，工作本 身 压力和职业发展压力最大，工作角色压力、人际关系压力、组织管理压力以及家 庭支持压力较小。对于高中学历以上的基层员工而言，工作本身压力、工作角色 压力、人际关 系压力、职业发展压力、组织管理压力以及家庭支持压力总体而言 与学历呈正比关系，学历越高，工作压力越大。对于家庭支持压力而言，工龄与 压力呈现明显的反比关系，即 工龄越长、压力越小。在应对工作压力策略方面， 从此次针对Y企业的调查可知，大部分基层员工选择消极的压力应对方式，超过 75%的基层员工在面对压力时，选择的是等待， 认为时间能改变一切，只有不到 30%的基层员工选择试图找出几种不同的解决问题的方法。 就Y企业基层员工进行压力管理时，笔者建议可以从以下四个角度出发，包 括“个体管 理”、“外部支持”、“工作环境”、“组织层面”等，在上述的有 关环节中选取重要的环节进行疏导和沟通，另外，企业还应当在员工的需求方面 加大关注力度，实现工作压 力的有效疏导，建设完善的压力疏导长效机制。 关键词：基层员工；工作压力；压力源；压力管理 昆明理工大学专业学位硕士学位论文Y企业基层员工工作压力问题及对策研究 II ABSTRACT Sincethereformandopeningup,theprocessofglobaleconomicintegrationhas beenaccelerating,andtheeconomicexchangesbetweenChinaandothercountriesin theworldhavebecomemoreandmorefrequent.Underthisbackground,domestic enterprisesarefacingmoreandmorediversechallenges,includingtheextrusionof thesameindustryathomeandabroad,aswellasthechallengefromtechnological innovation.Inordertogoagainstthecurrentinthewaveoftheworldeconomy, enterprisesmustpaymoreattentiontoinnovationandmanagement,andmusthave thebeliefthat"itneedstobehardtoforgeiron",whichinthefinalanalysisstillneeds talents.Thehigherrequirementsofglobaleconomicintegrationforenterpriseswillbe transferredtothehigherrequirementsofenterprisesfortalents.Underthestrict requirementsofenterprisesandthefiercecompetitioninthetalentmarketUnder competition,thepressureofenterpriseemployeeswillbemoreandmore,andthe pressureintheworkhasbothpositiveandnegative,andmostofthetimethese pressureswillalsobefedbacktotheworkofemployees,theappropriatepressurewill makeemployeesmaintainahighmoraleforalongtime,andtheexcessivepressure willbackfire,affectingtheworkefficiencyandqualityofemployees.Therefore,the enterprisemustpaymoreattentiontothedetectionoftheworkingstateofemployees, andalwaysunderstandthepsychologicalstateofemployees,soastoenable employeestoputintoworkinthebeststate. Withthecontinuousdownturnofrubbermarketandprice,theoperatingpressure ofYenterpriseisincreasing.Inthiscontext,throughfieldresearch,thispaperaimsto understandthesourceofworkpressureofgrass-rootsemployeesinYenterprise.The datashowsthattheoverallpressureofYenterpriseemployeesislarge,andthework pressurefacedbydifferentgendersandagesisdifferent,suchastheoverallwork pressureofyoungemployeesunder30yearsoldTheworkpressureisgreater, especiallyininterpersonalrelationshippressure,careerdevelopmentpressureand familysupportpressure.Forjuniorhighschoolandbeloweducatedgrassroots 昆明理工大学专业学位硕士学位论文Y企业基层员工工作压力问题及对策研究 III employees,theworkpressureandcareerdevelopmentpressurearethelargest,the workrolepressure,interpersonalrelationshippressure,organizationalmanagement pressureandfamilysupportpressurearesmaller,andforseniorhighschooland aboveeducatedgrassrootsemployees,theworkcostPersonalpressure,workrole pressure,interpersonalrelationshippressure,careerdevelopmentpressure, organizationalmanagementpressureandfamilysupportpressureareindirect proportiontoeducation.Thehighertheeducation,thegreatertheworkpressure.In termsoffamilysupportpressure,thereisanobviousinverserelationshipbetween workingageandpressure,thatis,thelongerworkingageis,thelesspressureis.In termsofcopingwithworkstressstrategies,fromthissurveyofYenterprise,wecan seethatmostofthegrass-rootsemployeeschoosenegativecopingstyles.Morethan 75%ofthegrass-rootsemployeeschoosetowaitinthefaceofpressure,thinkingthat timecanchangeeverything,andonlylessthan30%ofthegrass-rootsemployees choosetotrytofindoutseveraldifferentsolutionstotheproblem. Whenthepressuremanagementiscarriedoutforthegrass-rootsemployeesofY enterprise,theauthorsuggeststhefollowingfourperspectives,Including"individual management","externalsupport","workingenvironment","organizationallevel",etc., selectimportantlinkstoconductcounselingandcommunicationinthe above-mentionedrelevantlinks.Inaddition,enterprisesshouldalsopaymore attentiontotheneedsofemployees,realizeeffectivecounselingofworkpressure,and promotetheconstructionofaperfectlong-termmechanismofstresscounseling. KeyWords： juniorstaff；Workingstress；stresssource；Stressmanagement 昆明理工大学专业学位硕士学位论文Y企业基层员工工作压力问题及对策研究 i 目录 摘 要................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................II 第一章绪 论..................................................................................................................1 1.1研究背 景.........................................................................................................1 1.2研究意 义.........................................................................................................2 1.2.1理论意 义...............................................................................................2 1.2.2现实意 义...............................................................................................2 1.3国内外文献综 述.............................................................................................3 1.3.1国外研究动 态.......................................................................................3 1.3.2国内研究现 状.......................................................................................5 1.3.3国内外研究述 评...................................................................................8 1.4论文框架与研究方 法.....................................................................................8 1.4.1论文框 架...............................................................................................8 1.4.2研究方 法...............................................................................................9 1.4.3技术路线 图.........................................................................................10 第二章工作压力及压力管理理论基 础......................................................................11 2.1相关概念界 定...............................................................................................11 2.1.1工作压 力.............................................................................................11 2.1.2基层员 工.............................................................................................12 2.2理论基 础.................