随着国家对生态文明建设和人居环境改善的高度重视，城市建设逐步向园林 化迈进，园林绿化行业开始进入加速发展时期。越来越多的企业进入到园 林绿化 工程领域，竞争日益激烈。园林绿化工程企业需要加强自身实力建设，通过内部 革新降低工程成本和提高利润，拉开与其他企业的差距。在园林绿化工程项目成 本中，苗 木采购费用占比最高，因此重视对苗木采购的管理和流程优化，可以降 低采购成本和提升采购效率，扩大综合竞争优势，对园林绿化工程企业可持续发 展有着重要的意义。 深圳 铁汉生态股份有限公司（简称为铁汉生态公司）是一家涵盖生态环保、 生态景观等领域的上市园林生态工程龙头企业。本文以铁汉生态公司苗木采购流 程为研究对象，首先，结 合国家宏观政策和行业发展趋势的背景，根据铁汉生态 公司园林工程项目用苗情况，对该公司苗木采购流程的现状进行了梳理，并运用 现场观察和头脑风暴等方法分析得出了流 程中存在的主要问题：苗木采购周期长、 苗木采购招标结果不理想和苗木验收质量不稳定等。其次，运用鱼骨图和ASME 等工具分析问题产生的主要原因：苗木采购的流程设计不 合理、流程信息共享度 低和流程执行管控不足等。最后，遵循流程优化原则并使用ESIA流程优化方法， 基于互联网电子商务平台，提出了苗木采购流程的优化方案：优化苗木需 求确认 流程、线上化苗木采购招标流程、整合苗木采购订单验收流程和优化苗木供应商 考核流程等。此外，为确保苗木采购流程优化方案的顺利执行，提出了该方案的 落地步骤 和保障措施，评价了实施效果，并指出需要持续优化流程。 铁汉生态公司具有传统园林生态工程行业的基本特点，因此期望本文研究成 果不仅能帮助铁汉生态公司提升苗木采购 效率，减少苗木采购成本，同时对其他 传统园林生态工程企业在解决相关问题上具有重要参考意义。 关键词：苗木采购，采购流程，流程优化，电子商务 MBA学位论文 作者：黄 李蓉 铁汉生态公司苗木采购流程优化研究 II RESEARCH ON NURSERY STOCK PROCUREMENT PROCESS OPTIMIZATION OF TECHAND ECOLOGY COMPANY Abstract Along with our national high attention to ecologic civilization construction and human settlement improvement, urban construction is starting gardenized gradually, the landscape ecological engineering industry enters a fast development period. More and more companies enter this industry and causes competition becomes more and more intense. These companies need to reinforce self-construction and try to reduce engineering costs and boost profits to keep their competitive edge by internal reforms. The nursery stock procurement fee is the most major cost in landscape ecological engineering projects, so emphasization and optimization on the nursery stock procurement management and process, which can lower the procurement cost, improve the efficiency, and enhance competition advantages, is very key for the sustainable development of these landscape ecological engineering companies. This paper majorly researches on the nursery stock procurement process optimization of Techand Ecology Co., LTD (Techand for short in this paper), which is a quoted leading landscape ecological engineering company and has ecological environment and landscape business. Firstly, based on the background of national macro policies and industry trends, this paper presents the current nursery stock procurement process of Techand according to its nursery stock dosage situation, and uses brainstorming and onsite observation analysis methods to find 3 major problems: procurement cycle is too long, the bidding result is not good, and procurement checking quality is unstable. Then, uses fishbone and ASME analysis tools to figure out 3 corresponding primary causes during procurement: process design is not reasonable, process information share degree is very low, and process management and control is not enough. Last, based on process optimization principles, uses ESIA process optimization method to work out an ecommerce based optimized solution which includes 4 items: optimize procurement requirements confirmation process, make MBA学位论文 作者：黄李 蓉 铁汉生态公司苗木采购流程优化研究 III nursery stock procurement bidding process online, integrate procurement order and acceptance processes, and optimize supplier performance assessment process. Furthermore, for applying the optimized process smoothly, proposes implementation steps and guarantee measures, evaluates the results, and points out the necessary of continuous improvement in the future. Techand Ecology has characters of a traditional landscape ecological engineering company, so expect that the research results of this paper can help it to improve nursery stock procurement efficiency and low the procurement cost, also, this paper has important reference significance for other companies in traditional landscape ecological engineering industry to resolve related problems. Keywords: Nursery stock procurement, procurement process, process optimizat- ion, ecommerce MBA学位论文 作者：黄李蓉 铁汉生态公司苗 木采购流程优化研究 IV 目 录 中文摘要 ................................................. I Abstract ................................................ II 第一章 绪论 .............................................. 1 1.1 研究背景与意义 .............................................. 1 1.1.1 研究背景 ................................................ 1 1.1.2 研究意义 ................................................ 3 1.2 研究内容与方法 .............................................. 4 1.2.1 研究内容与技术路线 ...................................... 4 1.2.2 研究方法 ................................................ 4 1.3 论文结构安排 ................................................ 6 第二章 相关理论工具 ..................................... 7 2.1 相关理论 .................................................... 7 2.1.1 采购管理理论 ............................................ 7 2.1.2 流程优化理论 ........................................... 11 2.1.3 互联网电子商务理论 ..................................... 12 2.2 相关工具 ................................................... 13 2.2.1 鱼骨图分析工具 ......................................... 13 2.2.2 ASME流程活动分析工具 ................................. 13 2.2.3 PDCA循环 ............................................. 14 第三章 铁汉生态公司苗木采购流程现状及问题分析 .......... 15 3.1 公司概况 ................................................... 15 3.2 苗木采购流程现状 ........................................... 16 3.2.1 苗木采购业务相关部门职能 ............................... 16 3.3苗木采购流程存在的问题 ...................................... 29 3.3.1 苗木采购周期长 ......................................... 29 3.3.2 苗木采购招标结果不理想 ................................. 30 MBA学位论文 作者：黄李蓉 铁汉生态公司苗木采购 流程优化研究 V 3.3.3 苗木验收质量不稳定 ..................................... 31 3.4 苗木采购流程问题的成因分析 ................................. 32 3.4.1 流 程设计不合理 ......................................... 33 3.4.2 流程信息共享度低 ....................................... 35 3.4.3 流程执行管控不足 ....................................... 36 第四章 铁汉生态公司苗木采购流程优化方案设计 ............ 37 4.1 苗木采购流程的优化目标和思路 ............................... 37 4.1.1 优化目标 ............................................... 37 4.1.2 优化思路 ............................................... 37 4.2 优化苗木需求确认流程 ....................................... 38 4.2.1 差异化设计流程 ......................................... 38 4.2.2 优化非增值流程节点 ..................................... 39 4.2.3 优化后的流程说明 ....................................... 39 4.3 线上化苗木采购招标流程 ..................................... 40 4.3.1 线上执行采购招标 ....................................... 41 4.3.2 完善采购招标配套机制 ................................... 42 4.4 整合苗木采购订单验收流程 ................................... 43 4.4.1 简化流程间信息传递过程 ................................. 43 4.4.2 统一规范来苗验收标准 ................................... 43 4.4.3 优化后的流程说明 ....................................... 44 4.5 优化苗木供应商考核流程 ..................................... 45 4.5.1 差异化流