I 摘要 我国是紧固件产销大国，紧固件年产销量世界领先，但是由于缺乏自主知识 产权，我国紧固件产品在国内外市场竞争力极低。市场竞争日益激 烈，紧固件企 业的生存与发展环境日益严峻。如何有效应对当前挑战，培育企业核心竞争力成 为企业决策者们亟需解决的问题。实践表明，专利是企业保护自主知识产权，提 升 企业核心竞争力的有效手段。专利是一种有效的战略竞争工具，企业专利战略 的实施可以为企业带来持续的、稳定的发展动力。 本文以 M 公司为研究对象，对其专利战略的实施 展开了研究。在简要阐述相 关研究背景和理论基础后，本文结合 M 公司的专利战略目标和其内外部环境为其 选择了 ST 和 WO 混合型专利战略，然后从专利创造、专利运用和专 利保护三个子 战略的角度对 M 公司专利战略实施的具体内容展开了阐述。M 公司的专利战略主 要包括以改进现有技术、利用无效和失效专利进行二次研发的追随型专利创造战 略；以无效和失效专利利用、专利许可、专利交易、专利联盟、专利权质押融资 等相结合的专利运用战略和贯穿企业创新全过程的专利保护战略。为保证 M 公司 专利战略的有效 实施，本文从人力资源、财务资源、专利机构和管理体系建设、 信息管理等方面提出了保障措施。M 公司反映了我国大多数紧固件企业的经营现 状，希望通过本文的研究，可以 切实提升 M 公司专利战略的实施水平，并对产业 群内其他企业提供借鉴。 关键词：专利战略；PEST；SWOT；保障措施Abstract II Abstract Our country is a big fastener producing and selling country, and its annual production and sales volume are the world's leading, but due to the lack of independent intellectual property rights, our fastener products lack of competitiveness at home and abroad. The market competition becomes even intenser, and the survival and development of fastener enterprises have become increasingly difficult. How to deal with the current challenges effectively and cultivate core competitiveness have become an urgent issue for decision-makers. Patent can protect independent intellectual property rights and promote the core competitiveness of enterprises effectivly. Patent is an effective tool of strategic competition. The implementation of patent strategy can bring sustainable and stable development power to enterprises. This paper studies the implementation of M Company's patent strategy. After a brief introduction of the research background, theoretical basis, the patent strategic objectives and internal and external environment of M company, the author chooses the ST and WO Hybrid Patent Strategy for M Company. Then the author states the content of M Company's Patent Strategy Implementation in detail, from the angle of the three sub-strategies of Patent Creation, Patent Application, and Patent Protection. The strategy of Follow-up Patent Creation is to improve the existing technology, and make use of Invalid Patents to carry out secondary R & D. The strategy of Patent Application is the combination of Invalid Patent Utilization, Patent License, Patent Transaction, Patent Alliance and Patent Pledge Financing. Patent Protection Strategy runs through the whole process of enterprise innovation. At last the paper puts forward the safeguarding measures from the aspects of human resources, financial resources, patent organization and management system construction, and information management to ensure the effective implementation of M Company's Patent Strategy. M Company reflects the operating status of most fastener enterprises in China. I hope that through this study, we can effectively improve the implementation level of M Company's Patent Strategy, and provide reference for other enterprises in the industrial cluster. Keywords: Patent Strategy; PEST; SWOT; safeguarding measures目 录 III 目 录 摘要................................................................................................................................I Abstract.............................................................................................................................II 第 1 章 绪 论.....................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背 景.............................................................................................................1 1.2 研究意义与目 的.................................................................................................2 1.3 研究方 法.............................................................................................................3 1.4 研究内 容.............................................................................................................3 第 2 章 相关理论和国内外研究现 状.............................................................................4 2.1 核心竞争力理 论.................................................................................................4 2.2 企业战略管理理 论.............................................................................................5 2.3 企业专利战略理 论.............................................................................................6 2.4 国内外研究现 状.................................................................................................7 2.4.1 国外研究现 状...........................................................................................7 2.4.2 国内研究现 状...........................................................................................8 2.5 本章小 结.............................................................................................................9 第 3 章 M 公司专利战略环境分析与战略选 择...........................................................10 3.1 M 公司的基本情 况............................................................................................10 3.2 M 公司外部环境分 析........................................................................................10 3.2.1 PEST 分 析................................................................................................11 3.2.2 基于专利信息分析的国内外市场竞争环境分 析.................................13 3.3 M 公司内部环境分析........................................................................................17 3.3.1 M 公司内部优势分析..............................................................................17 3.3.2 M 公司内部劣势分 析..............................................................................17 3.3.3 M 公司外部机遇分 析..............................................................................19 3.3.4 M 公司外部威胁分 析..............................................................................20 3.4 M 公司 SWOT 矩阵分析与战略选 择.............................................................. 20 3.5 M 公司专利战略实施可行性分 析....................................................................22 3.6 本章小 结...........................................................................................................23 第 4 章 M 公司专利战略实施的内 容...........................................................................24目 录 IV 4.1 专利创造子战 略...............................................................................................24 4.1.1 “产学研”协同创新策 略.....................................................................24 4.1.2 文献检索策 略.........................................................................................24 4.1.3 专利导航策 略.........................................................................................25 4.1.4 防御性申请策 略.....................................................................................25 4.1.5 专利布局策 略.........................................................................................26 4.2 专利运用子战 略...............................................................................................28 4.2.1 无效和失效专利运用策 略.....................................................................29 4.2.2 专利许可策 略........................................................................................