民以食为天，食以安为先。随着国家对食品安全的日益重视，粮食安全成了 万众关注的焦点，各级党委和政府都在为如何构建粮食安全体系在不断探索。粮 食质量安全是粮食安全保障体系的重要组成部分。加强粮食质量安全检验监测能 力建设对于人民身体健康、提升生活质量、强化战略储备和促进经济社会全面可 持续发展有重要意义。随着粮食流通体制改革的不断深入及随着粮食市场的全面 放开，粮食生产条件发生重大变化，一系列“镉”超标、农药残留等事件频发， 粮食经营主体的多元化和粮食储藏条件的滞后也令粮食质量安全事件时有发生， 我国粮食质量安全形势非常严峻。因此，建立粮食质量安全监测体系是确保粮食 安全的首要任务。 国家近年来加大了对粮食质量检验监测能力的建设力度，重点实现从源头上 把好粮食质量安全关，进一步建设国家粮食质量监测体系，按照合理布局、择优 选用、共建共享的原则，广覆盖、成网络地履行粮食检验监测职能。这对于推动 建设成规模、成体系、成经验的粮食质量安全检验监测体系具有重要的现实意义。 我国粮食质量检验监测能力建设还处于初级阶段，广东作为全国最大的粮食 主销区,可谓任重而道远。对于广东省粮食质量安全检验监测能力建设的研究, 具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文所作研究借鉴国内外建设成果，以项目建设所 涉及的支撑性支柱为切入口论证可行性，首先,在国际（如美国、欧盟和日本） 和国内层面综述粮食质量安全检验监测的意义；其次是论证广东的能力状况及于 国家的影响，进而提出建设框架思路；再次，从经济、政治和法律构建等方面提 出分步的实施设想，论述要解决的重点问题及途径；最后，提出建设具有广东特 色的粮食质量安全检验监测体系可行性结论，粮食质量安全是系统性安全，不仅 是粮油技术和条件问题，也涉及管理、法规、政策宣传、贯彻、执行等宏观问题， 作为最大的粮食主销区、位于改革开放的前沿勇当排头兵的广东定能在粮食质量 保障方面走出一条利国利民的特色路，为其他省份的粮食质量安全保障提供借 鉴，该项目能得到系统的支撑，是可行的。 关键词，粮食质量安全；监测；体系ii Abstract Hunger breeds discontentment, food safety first. With the increasing emphasis on food safety, has become the focus of attention of food safety, Party committees and governments at all levels to build food security system in the continuous exploration. Food quality and safety is an important part of food safety guarantee system. Strengthen food quality safety inspection and monitoring ability construction for people's health, improve the quality of life, strengthen strategic reserves and has important significance for promoting the overall economic and social sustainable development. With the reform of the grain circulation system and the deepening of the grain market fully liberalized, grain production conditions change, a series of CD exceed the standard, pesticide residues and other incidents, lagging food business diversification and grain storage conditions also makes the food quality and safety incidents occurred, food quality and safety situation in China very serious. Therefore, the establishment of safety monitoring system of grain quality is the primary task of ensuring food safety. The state has intensified the efforts on the inspection of grain quality monitoring ability construction in recent years, mainly from the source of food quality and safety in good close, further construction of food quality monitoring system at the country, in accordance with the reasonable layout, merit based selection, sharing principle, wide coverage, network performance monitoring functions of the food inspection. The construction has important practical significance to scale, system, experience food quality safety inspection and monitoring system. Construction inspection of grain quality monitoring ability of our country is still in the initial stage of Guangdong food sales, as the country's largest, is a long way to go. Research on monitoring ability of Guangdong Province food quality and safety inspection of construction, has important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, the research achievements at home and abroad construction, supporting pillar with the project construction relates to theentrance to demonstrate feasibility:first ofiii all, in the International (such as America, EU and Japan) and the domestic level of food quality safety inspection monitoring significance;followed by the demonstration of the ability of Guangdong in country, and puts forward the framework for establishing; again, from the economic, political and legal construction are put forward to implement the plan step by step, key issues and approaches discussed to solve the proposed; finally, food quality safety inspection and monitoring system construction has the feasibility conclusion Guangdong characteristics: food quality and safety is the system security, is not only the problem of grain and oil technology and conditions,but also related management regulations, policy advocacy, implementation,execution, macro problems, as the frontier of food sales, the biggest in reform and opening up, when the vanguard of the Guangdong will be able to walk out of a country in terms of food quality security features, and provide reference for other provinces of the food quality safety guarantee, the project can get asystem support, is feasible. Key words: Food quality and safety；Monitor；Systemiv 目 录 1 前言 ..............................................................................................................................................1 1.1 粮食质量安全的层次 ................................................................................................................1 1.2 粮食质量安全检验监测能力建设的现实背景 .................................................................1 1.2.1 粮食连年丰收和价格波动，粮食质量安全监管能力亟需提升 ..........................1 1.2.2 调控粮价、保障民生的需要..................................................................................2 1.2.3 国家政策的迫切要求..............................................................................................2 1.2.4 规范管理，强化粮食流通监管的需要 ..................................................................2 1.3 粮食质量安全体系建设的影响因素、任务和紧迫性 .....................................................3 1.3.1 影响因素。..............................................................................................................3 1.3.2 任务..........................................................................................................................3 1.3.3 紧迫性......................................................................................................................4 1.4 粮食质量安全检验监测的意义.........................................................................................5 1.5 研究路径.............................................................................................................................6 2 粮食质量安全检验监测体系建设现状........................................................................................8 2.1 国外情况及借鉴.................................................................................................................8 2.1.1 美国..........................................................................................................................8 2.1.2 欧盟..........................................................................................................................9 2.1.3 日本........................................................................................................................10 2.2 国内情况..........................................................................................................................10 2.2.1 人民群众对粮油质量特别是对食用安全的关切日益强烈 ...............................11 2.2.2 引发粮油质量安全事故特别是卫生安全事件的隐患日益凸显 .......................11 2.2.3 社会监督质量安全状况特别是质量安全事故的渠道日益增多 .....................11 2.2.4 当前粮食质量安全监管能力不足特别是处置突发事件的能力不强的问题日 益显露.............................................................................................................................11 2.2.5 机构建设滞后........................................................................