沼气技术已经比较成熟，但是，更先进的沼气技术还在不断产生。同时，对 于沼气技术应用，不同地区之间会因为原料、地区环境条件等方面的不同而产生 较大的差别。从而导致沼气产量、操作条件等方面的巨大差别。本文针对沧州地 区的环境条件特点以及沧州广大农村的原料特点，进行了旨在提高沼气产量，促 进沼气技术应用，从而推进节能减排的应用技术研究工作。 在综述了沼气技术基本原理的基础上，对最新沼气工艺技术进行了系统论述 与挖掘，重点探讨了新技术的应用方法和条件。 针对影响沼气产量的关键问题——环境温度问题，论述了沧州地区环境条件 的适应性。结论认为，与我国北方大部分地区相比，沧州地区的环境条件属于比 较合适的。另一方面，作为沼气技术的另一个关键条件，即沼气原料问题，在大 量调查研究的基础上，证实沧州地区广大农村拥有丰富的沼气原料。因此，结合 沼气新技术，在沧州广大农村地区研究、推广应用沼气技术，具备环境和原料的 双重优势，是一项利国利民的应用技术研究、推广工作。 为了在应用过程中进行改进和创新，本文结合沧州地区环境条件，推荐了适 宜该地区应用的两种最新沼气工艺，既适合于农村户用沼气池使用的的圆柱形自 循环沼气池和适宜于大中型农村沼气池使用的保温型沼气池工艺。为推广应用沼 气技术提供了方向性建议。 报告在确立了沧州地区广大农村适合推广应用沼气技术的前提下，结合工程 实例，重点进行了沼气技术应用效益的评价工作。对工程实例的效益进行了系统 评价。结论认为，沼气技术的推广应用，节约了常规能源的消耗，实现了变废为 宝，改善了农村的生活环境和农业生产生态环境。虽然在经济效益方面还存在竞 争力不足的缺陷，但作者认为，这是价格体系的问题，而非沼气技术的本质问题。 随着国家对节能减排要求的不断提高，对沼气技术的政策扶持力度会不断加大， 沼气技术必将成为农村节能减排的重要手段而得到广泛应用。 关键词，沼气；节能减排；环境条件；农村；政策扶持- II - Abstract Biogas technology is relatively mature, but there is continually more advanced biogas technology. At the same time, there will be large differences in biogas technology applications between different regions , because of the raw material and regional environmental conditions between different regions. And this also causes large difference in biogas production and operating conditions in result. In this paper, according to the environmental conditions and it’s raw material characteristics in countryside of Cangzhou area, we do the research aimed at increasing biogas production and promoting biogas technology application to achieve energy conservation and emissions reduction. On the basis of the basic principle of biogas technology are reviewed in this paper, we also discuss the latest biogas technology, we put emphasis on the application of new technology and conditions. On the other hand, another key conditions of biogas technology is the raw material of biogas. On the basis of a large number of investigation and study, we confirmed that the raw material is rich in rural area of Cangzhou. For the key problems which affects the production of biogas production-environmental temperature, the adaptability of the environmental conditions in cangzhou region is discussed. We concluded that compared with most region of northern China, the environment condition of Cangzhou area is more appropriate. Therefore, combined with biogas technology application, it is a reasonably technology research and promotion of the application of work to promote application of biogas technology in rural area of Cangzhou. For improvement and innovation in the process of application, the paper combining with the Cangzhou regional environmental conditions, and recommend two latest kinds of biogas technology too appropriate application of the region. It is not only suitable for rural household biogas digester cylindrical circular pool but also suitable for large and medium-sized rural biogas digester used heat preservation the- III - biogas technology. The paper provides directional Suggestions to promote application of biogas technology. The paper has carried on the evaluation of biogas technology application benefits combined with engineering projects on the basis that the rural area of Cangzhou is suitable for popularization and application biogas technology. The paper also introduced the system evaluation on the benefit of an engineering example. We concluded that the popularization and application of biogas technology save conventional energy consumption, realize the waste, and improve the rural living environment and ecological environment of agricultural production. Although there are low competitiveness of defects in economic benefits, but the author thinks that it is a question of price system, rather than the essence of the biogas technology. With the constant improvement of the national requirements for energy conservation and emissions reduction, and the policy support of biogas technology will continue to increase, biogas technology will become an important means of rural energy conservation and emissions reduction and is widely used. Keywords: biogas; energy conservation and emissions reduction; environmental conditions; rural area ; policy support.- V - 目 录 摘要........................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. II 目 录...................................................................................................................... V 第 1 章 绪论.............................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景与意义 .................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 研究背景 ............................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 研究的目的和意义............................................................................... 2 1.2 国内外沼气研究现状 ............................................................................. 4 1.2.1 国外研究现状 ....................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 国内研究现状 ....................................................................................... 6 1.3 主要研究内容 ........................................................................................ 8 1.4 研究方法及技术路线 ............................................................................. 9 1.4.1 研究方法 ............................................................................................... 9 1.4.2 技术路线 ............................................................................................... 9 第 2 章 沼气技术与工艺 .......................................................................................10 2.1 沼气..................................................................................................... 10 2.2 沼气生产基本原理 .............................................................................. 10 2.1.1 户用沼气池工艺原理......................................................................... 11 2.1.2 大型沼气工艺原理............................................................................. 12 2.3 沼气发酵原料及沼气池运行条件......................................................... 14 2.3.1 沼气发酵原料 ..................................................................................... 14 2.3.2 沼气池运行条件................................................................................. 15 2.4 沼气发酵原理...................................................................................... 18 2.5 沼气池计算 ......................................................................................... 20 2.6 本章小结 ............................................................................................. 21 第 3 章 沧州地区沼气潜力分析与评价................................................................23 3.1 畜禽粪便原料 ...................................................................................... 23 3.1.1 牛粪 ..................................................................................................... 24 3.1.2 猪