从 1978 年中国正式进行改革开放至今已经走过了三十个年头，中国经济不断蓬 勃发展并取得了世人瞩目的成就。伴随着全球经济一体化进程的不断加剧，国际国内 市场竞争日益激烈，人们对产品的要求越来越高，并向多样化、高质量、个性化方向 发展，这对企业提出了更高的要求，尤其是对企业在生产产品时的制造技术和管理水 平提出了更高的要求。因此，传统制造业企业的生产运营管理革新变得异常得紧迫。 精益思想源自于丰田生产方式，对于传统制造业企业而已，是提升企业核心竞争 力的一种管理思想和方法。精益的核心思想就是全员参与改善，消除各种浪费。在小 批量多品种的产品生产过程中，由于产品不具备连续批量化，生产过程的效率、成本 和质量等的管控比较复杂和困难。目前小批量多品种的传统制造型企业，生产效率较 低，原材料和成品库存较高，过程中的在制品积压严重，资金周转率低，这些体现出 的效率和成本问题已经严重制约着企业的可持续发展和壮大。因此，基于精益思想的 生产方式在此类企业的应用存在着非常重大的意义和必要性。 本论文以德国宇鹏汽车配件（中国）公司为例，通过运用 PEST 外部宏观环境分 析模型和五力行业竞争力分析模型，识别中国公司外部经营风险，阐述了企业生产运 营方式优化和变革的必要性。通过生产运营七大浪费模型，分析企业目前生产运营的 现状，进而发现企业在生产运营中存在的问题；并从八个方面提出了对生产体系的优 化的方法和方案，包括技术策划、全员生产维护、过程质量、组织架构和工作评价、 仓库物流、成本改善、目视化和 5S、标准作业；最后论述了生产体系优化的实施计 划和方案，确保所有优化项目落地并生效。通过本文的研究，对类似企业提供了借鉴 经验，对未来企业生产体系优化的研究也具有参考意义。 关键词，精益；生产体系；优化III Abstract Thirty years have already passed since Ch ina's reform and opening in 1978. China' s economy has been developing rapidly and has m ade remarkable achievements all over the world. Amid growing global econom ic integration, international and dom estic market competition is increasingly fierce, the people have higher and higher demand for products, and the diversification, high quality and pe rsonalized direction, it put forward higher request to the enterprise, especially in the production of products to the enterprise manufacturing technology and m anagement level put forward higher requirem ents. Therefore, the innovation of production operation and m anagement of traditional manufacturing enterprises becomes extremely urgent. Lean thinking originates from Toyota production system . For traditional manufacturing enterprises, it is a managem ent thought and method to improve their core competitiveness. The core idea of lean is to involve all staff in improvement and eliminate waste. In the production process of sm all-batch and multi-vari ety products, it is complicated and dif ficult to con trol the efficiency, cost and quali ty of the production process because th e products do not hav e continuous batch quantity. At p resent, small-batch and multi-variety traditional manufacturing enterprises have low production efficiency, high inventory of raw materials and finished products, serious work-in-progress backlog in the process, and low capita l turnover rate. These problem s have seriously restricted the sustainable develop ment and expansion of enterprises. Therefore, the application of production system base on Lean thinking in such enterprises is of great significance and necessity. This article takes Yupeng auto parts (China) company as an exam ple, by using PEST external macro environment analysis m odel and five forces indus try competitiveness analysis model, to identify the external operating risks of Y upeng China company, and expounds the necessity of enterprise produc tion and operation m ode optimization and reform. Through seven waste models of production and operation, this paper analyzes the current situation of productio n and operation of enterprise s, and then finds out theIV problems existing in production and operation of enterprises. And put forward the m ethod and scheme of production system optimization from eight aspects, including technical planning, full staff production maintenance, process quality, organizational structure and work evaluation, warehouse logistics, cost improvement, visual and 5S, standard operation; Finally, the im plementation plan and schem e of production system optimization are discussed to ensure the implementation and effectiveness of all optim ization projects. Through the research of this article, it provides reference experience for similar enterprises, and also has reference significance f or the future study on the optim ization of enterprise production system. Keywords，Lean; Production system; Optimization目录 致谢.........................................................................................................................................I 摘要.......................................................................................................................................II Abstract................................................................................................................................III 第 1 章 绪论..........................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景....................................................................................................................1 1.1.1 汽车工业发展现状.............................................................................................1 1.1.2 国际汽车零配件市场现状.................................................................................3 1.2 研究意义....................................................................................................................3 1.2.1 理论意义.............................................................................................................3 1.2.2 实践意义.............................................................................................................4 1.3 研究思路和方法.......................................................................................................5 1.3.1 研究思路.............................................................................................................5 1.3.2 研究方法.............................................................................................................6 1.4 文献综述...................................................................................................................6 1.4.1 精益思想相关研究文献.....................................................................................6 1.4.2 文献评述............................................................................................................8 1.5 本文创新点................................................................................................................8 第 2 章 理论基础..................................................................................................................9 2.1 精益生产的定义.......................................................................................................9 2.2 精益生产的历史.......................................................................................................9 2.2.1 精益生产的核心思想......................................................................................10 2.2.2 精益生产的优点..............................................................................................10 2.3 精益生产的理论要点.............................................................................................11 2.3.1 精益生产的特点..............................................................................................11 2.3.2 精益生产实施的基础......................................................................................12 第 3 章 宇鹏中国公司外部环境分析................................................................................14 3.1 公司外部环境 PEST 模型分析..............................................................................143.1.1 政治环境因素.............................................................................................