具有活性的火山灰质材料，其对抑制骨料碱活性、提高抗硫酸盐侵蚀的能力及提高 混凝土其它耐久性有很大益处，是配制高性能混凝土必掺的组分之一。而新疆和田地区 缺少粉煤灰等人工火山灰质材料，远距离运输使得工程建设成本大大增加，同时当地天 然火山灰岩资源丰富，因此研究磨细天然火山灰应用于水泥混凝土中的可行性，对于降 低工程成本和改善混凝土性能具有非常重要的意义。本文针对新疆和田地区磨细天然火 山灰岩能否作为混凝土掺合料进行可行性试验，主要研究成果包括以下几个方面： （1）试验研究表明磨细天然火山灰技术指标均符合JG/T315-2011和DL/T5273-2012 标准要求。 （2）通过 XRD 及 SEM 证明了火山灰+水泥复合胶凝体系水化产物与硅酸盐水泥胶 凝体系主要水化产物类似，但水化反应速度较慢且水化产物结构疏松孔隙较多。 （3）当磨细天然火山灰以不同掺量或与粉煤灰组合掺入水泥胶砂，其具有一定的 火山灰活性，有逐步提高水泥胶砂试件强度的趋势。 （4）磨细天然火山灰对骨料碱活性具有抑制作用，其抑制效果随着掺量的增加而 增强。 （5）相同水胶比下火山灰混凝土抗压强度略低于粉煤灰混凝土，但可以通过合适 的配合比配制出满足设计要求的混凝土。 （6）火山灰混凝土具有抗碳化能力，但其抗冻性能及抑制硫酸盐侵蚀能力较弱。 关键词：天然火山灰；水化机理；胶砂强度；抑制碱活性；抗压强度；耐久性II The feasibility study of the application of the ground natural vol- canic ash in cement concrete in the region of Hotan Xinjiang Abstract The pozzolanic material with the character of activity is one of the most essential components in the preparation of HPC which has great benefits to control aggregate alkali activity, improve the ability of resistance to sulfate erosion and enhance the durability of concrete. However, the region of Hotan Xinjiang is lack of artificial pozzolanic materials such as fly ash, and long-distance transport greatly increases the cost of engineering construction. At the same time, the region has rich natural volcanic ash resources, so the research of the feasibility of grinding fine natural volcanic ash used in cement concrete has very important significance to reduce engineering cost and improve concrete performance. The thesis conducts a feasibility experiment aimed at whether the grinding fine natural volcanic ash can be the concrete admixture in the region of Hotan Xinjiang. The main research results include the following aspects: (1) The test research shows that grinding fine natural volcanic ash technical indexes are accorded with the standard requirement of JG/T 315-2011 and DL/T 315-2012. (2) Based on the XRD and SEM, it has been proved that the volcanic ash-cement composite gel system and the hydration products and Portland cement gel system have the similar main hydration products, but the former’s hydration reaction is slower and the structure of hydration products are more loose with many pores. (3) The grinding fine natural volcanic ash has certain pozzolanic activity and the trend of gradually increasing the strength of cement mortar specimen mixed with different admixture amounts or combination with coal ash mixed in the cement mortar. (4) The grinding fine natural volcanic ash has inhibitory effect on aggregate alkali activity, its inhibitory effect increases with the increase of admixture amount. (5) The compressive strength of volcanic ash concrete is slightly lower than the fly ash concrete under the same water-binder ratio, but the design requirements can be meet by appropriate mixing ratio. (6) The volcanic ash concrete has the anti-carbonation capability, but its antifreeze performance and inhibiting sulfate erosion ability is weak. Key words: natural volcanic ash; hydration mechanism; mortar strength; resistance of alkali aggregate reactivity; compressive strength; durabilityIII 目 录 第 1 章 绪论.......................................................................................................1 1.1 报告选题背景及研究意义....................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状....................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容及思路....................................................................................................... 4 1.4 技术路线................................................................................................................... 5 第 2 章 原材料...................................................................................................6 2.1 天然火山灰............................................................................................................... 6 2.2 水泥........................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 粉煤灰....................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 砂............................................................................................................................... 9 2.5 粗骨料..................................................................................................................... 10 2.6 外加剂..................................................................................................................... 10 2.7 水............................................................................................................................. 10 第 3 章 水泥+火山灰复合胶凝体系的水化特性..........................................12 3.1 X 射线衍射分析 ..................................................................................................... 12 3.2 扫描电镜分析（SEM）......................................................................................... 20 3.3 本章小结................................................................................................................. 28 第 4 章 天然火山灰对胶砂强度的影响试验研究 ........................................29 4.1 胶砂强度试验方法................................................................................................. 29 4.2 胶砂强度试验结果................................................................................................. 30 4.3 正交试验结果分析................................................................................................. 32 4.4 胶砂强度发展规律................................................................................................. 35 4.5 机理分析................................................................................................................. 37 4.6 本章小结................................................................................................................. 37 第 5 章 天然火山灰对骨料碱活性抑制试验研究 ........................................39IV 5.1 骨料碱活性抑制试验方法..................................................................................... 39 5.2 骨料碱活性抑制试验结果..................................................................................... 40 5.3 机理分析................................................................................................................. 43 5.4 本章小结................................................................................................................. 44 第 6 章 天然火山灰混凝土抗压强度试验研究 ............................................45 6.1 磨细天然火山灰混凝土抗压强度试验方案......................................................... 45 6.2 抗压强度结果及分析............................................................................................. 48 6.3 本章小结................................................................................................................. 50 第 7 章 天然火山灰混凝土耐久性试验研究 ................................................51 7.1 火山灰混凝土碳化试验研究................................................................................. 51 7.2 混凝土抗冻性能试验研究..................................................................................... 53 7.3 混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀试验研究............................................................................. 57 7.4 本章小