.....,..甲......,......................甲..........................,........,...I Abstract,..................................................................................................................111 第一章文献综述.........................................................................................................1 1引一言..............................,.....................................,............................................1 2纳米材料概述二,..............................................................................l 2.1纳米材料及其分类..........................................#一1 2.2纳米材料的效应................................................#,2 2.2.1小尺寸效应................................................................#2 2.2.2量子尺寸效应...................................................,#2 2.2.3表面效应..........................................................................,.........#,2 2.2.4量子隧道效应...............................................................................#.#3 2.2.5介电限域效应..............,..................................#3 2.3纳米材料的特性..........................................................,3 2.3.1光学性质........................................................................................................3 2.3.2热学性质........................................................................................................4 2.3.3磁学性质........................................................................................................4 2.3.4力学性质........................................................................................................4 2.4纳米材料的应用.,................................#4 2.4,1纳米材料在机械领域的应用,...................................,.............................4 2.4.2纳米材料在电子学领域的应用....................................................................4 2.4.3纳米材料在化工领域的应用..................................................................,..,5 2.4.4纳米材料在生物及医学领域的应用......................................................,..,5 3团簇概述...............................................................卜.........................................,..,5 3.1团簇及其分类.....................................................,...........................................5 3.2团簇的制备方法.......,...................................................6 3.2.1气相合成法...............................,二,..........,.........................................6 3.2.2液相合成法....................................................................................................6 4贵金属团簇概述.........................................................................................................74.1贵金属团簇及其性质..................................#7 4.1.1光致荧光特性.....................................,#一7 4.1.2磁性..................................................................................,.......................7 4.1.3催化活性......................................................................................8 4.2贵金属团簇的合成.....,.........................................8 4.2.1模板法..................................,...................................................................8 4.2.2单分子层保护法...........................................................................#..10 4.2.3配体蚀刻法........................................................................................12 4.3贵金属团簇的应用.....................................................13 4.3.1生物传感器..............................................................................................13 4.3.2细胞标一记及成像..................................................#.15 4.3.3生物探针...................................................................................#.#4#17 5本研究的目的意义.,.,.............................,.....................................................17 第二章银团簇的制备及表征...........................................,.................................18 1.引言..........................................................................................................................18 2材料与方法................................................................................................#..............18 2.1材料...............................,.........,.......................,.................................18 2.1.1主要试剂.........................................................................4一18 2.1.2主要仪器设备...........................................................................19 2.2方法....................................................................................................................19 2.2.1AgNcs的制备.........................................#19 2.2.2紫外可见吸收光谱......................................................................................19 2.2.3荧光激发及发射光谱..................................................................................19 2.2.4团簇尺寸表征...................................................................................#20 2.2.5荧光显微镜检测,...............................................,#20 2.2.6量子产率计算................................................,.............#420 2.2.7聚丙烯酞胺凝胶电泳分析..........................................................................21 3结果与讨论.....,.........................,...................................,.........................22 3.1AgNcs的制备.....................................,.....#一223.2紫外可见吸收光谱检测结果.............................................................................22 3.3荧光激发及发射光谱检测结果.........................................................................23 3.4透射电子显微镜检测结果...,.............,二!.....!二!......................24 荧光显微镜检测结果.........................................................................................24 量子产率的计算结果..............................................................................,....25 一!口O/内!一,!a 3.7聚丙烯酞胺凝胶电泳分析结果........................................................................26 4小结...........................................................................................................................27 第三章银团簇的稳定性研究..................................................................................28 1引言...........................................................................................................................28 2材料与方法....................................................................................................#.....#..28 2.1材料....................................................................................................................28 2.1.1主要试剂............................................................................................28 2.1.2主要仪器设备.......,..............,....................................#29 2.2方法.................................................................................................,.........29 2.2.1pH对AgNCs的影响............................................................................,..,29 2.2.2温度对AgNCs的影响二,............................................................................29 2.2.3金属离子对AgNCs的影响......................................................................29 2.2.4阴离子对AgNCs的影响...........................................................................30 3结果与讨论..........................................................................................................#.#..30 3.1不同pH对AgNCs的影响结果.......................................................................30 3.2不同温度对AgNCs的影响结果,二,..!.............!.................................31 3.3金属离子对AgNCs的影响及cuZ+和Hg2+的检测........................................32 3.3.1金属离子对AgNcs的影响.............................................................