城市生活垃圾的处理方式主要以卫生填埋为主。然而，来自卫生填埋场的 垃圾渗滤液对环境的污染相当严重，它较普通污水有相当大的 COD、BOD、SS、 氨氮等污染物。因此对于渗滤液的控制就显得极其重要。在卫生填埋场的工程 设计中，渗滤液产量的估算也是一项重要内容。所以，探讨卫生填埋场垃圾渗 滤液产生量的估算方法意义重大。 本文在系统讨论影响垃圾渗滤液产生主要因素的基础上，详细分析我国渗 滤液产量估算方法的优缺点，并采用数学模型和理论分析相结合的方式，以水 量平衡模型和经验公式法为基础，建立了一个新的渗滤液产量数学估算模型。 该模型不但考虑了降雨量，还考虑了蒸发量、垃圾含水量及地表径流量等因素。 在理论上弥补了经验公式法的不足，同时又简化了水量平衡法，避免了其各个 因子难以测定的问题。应用该模型结合相应的工程实例进行实际估算，结果显 示，在经验公式法中入渗系数的选取对于渗滤液产量计算结果有较大影响；当 一年当中蒸发量较小时，经验公式法计算出的渗滤液产量更加接近于实际数值； 当一年当中的蒸发量较大时，本文提出的公式计算出的渗滤液产量更接近于实 际数值；降雨量和蒸发量之差基本能够解释渗滤液产量在全年中变化的原因； 本文的公式计算出的结果与实际数值基本保持一致，能够反映渗滤液产量的全 年变化趋势，符合理论分析与经验总结得出的结果，是可行的，在实际应用中 具有一定的实际意义。 关键词， 垃圾渗滤液 卫生填埋场 估算方法 水量平衡 降雨量 蒸发量ii Feasibility study on a new estimate method for leachate from sanitary landfill ABSTRACT Sanitary landfill is the primary treatment area for the municipal solid wastes. The leachate come from the sanitary landfill is very seriously to pollute the environment for its much more COD, BOD, SS, ammonia and other pollutants than ordinary waste water. So controlling the waste leachate is very important and estimating the yield of the leachate from the sanitary landfill in the engineering design is an indispensible content. On the basis of summing up the main factors of the leachate producing amounts from the sanitary landfill, and discussing the advantages and disadvantages of estimation method for leachate, a new mathematical estimation model have been established for the producing amounts of leachate. The model combines with mathematical models and theoretical analysis, based on the water balance model and the empirical formula method given by pioneer researchers. Not only the rainfall, but also the evaporation, waste moisture content and surface runoff are considered in the model. It makes up the deficiency of empirical formula in theory, and simplified various factors in the water balance method in practice. The model was applied in the appropriate engineering example to estimate the actual amounts of leachate. The results show that in the empirical formula method, infiltration coefficient selection has a greater impact on the calculated results of the generation of leachate .When evaporation is small in a year, by the empirical formula method, the calculated results of the generation of leachate is close to the actual value. When evaporation is high, by the formula which is put forward in this paper, the calculated results of the generation of leachate is close to the actual value. The difference between rainfall and evaporation can explain the reason for the change of the generation of leachate throughout the year. By the formula which is put forward in this paper, the calculated result are basically consistent with the actual, can reflect that the annual trend of the generation of leachate, is line with the result of theoretical analysis and experience, it is feasible and it has some practical significance. Keywords: waste leachate; sanitary landfill; estimation method; water balance; rainfall; evaporation.iii 致谢 本文是在徐晓春老师的精心指导下完成，在这三年中，徐老师结合我自身的实际 情况，从报告的选题、研究思路以及报告的编写，都给予了我细心的帮助和指导。在 此毕业之际，请允许我怀着最深切的敬意对徐老师的精心指导和无微不至的关怀致以 衷心的感谢。 感谢合肥市政设计院程俊峰总工和高文桥总工给我机会让我参与设计合肥市龙 泉山垃圾填埋场二期工程和固镇垃圾填埋场工程，并对我的给予了细心的指 点和热情的帮助。 也感谢谢巧勤老师和师母王美琴老师这三年来对自己学习和生活上的帮助。感谢 师姐陈莉薇、师兄牛杏杏、尹滔、石磊给予我报告中很多宝贵的建议。感谢同门梁建 锋、肖秋香以及师弟张赞赞、刘啟能、何苗和王萍，还要感谢这三年来周围的同学和 朋友，谢谢你们一直以来对我的帮助和鼓励，这一路走来，让我内心倍感温暖。 时光荏苒，岁月如梭，转眼间三年的研究生生活即将结束。最后我还想感谢合肥 工业大学，感谢资环学院给了我继续深造的机会，我一定会在今后的学习和工作中加 倍努力，不辜负所有人对我的期望，做一个对社会和国家有贡献的人。iv 目 录 第一章 绪 论........................................................................................................................1 1.1 城市生活垃圾 ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 城市生活垃圾的产生 .......................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 城市生活垃圾的特点 .......................................................................................... 2 1.1.3 城市生活垃圾的危害 .......................................................................................... 4 1.1.4 城市生活垃圾的处置 .......................................................................................... 5 1.1.5 影响城市生活垃圾产生量的主要因素 .............................................................. 7 1.2 垃圾渗滤液 ................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.1 垃圾渗滤液的产生 .............................................................................................. 7 1.2.2 垃圾渗滤液的特点 .............................................................................................. 9 1.2.3 垃圾渗滤液的危害 ............................................................................................ 10 1.2.4 垃圾渗滤液的处置 ............................................................................................ 11 1.2.5 影响垃圾渗滤液产生的主要因素 .................................................................... 12 1.3 国内外垃圾渗滤液估算方法的研究现状 ................................................................. 13 1.3.1 国外对垃圾渗滤液估算方法的研究 ........................................................... 14 1.3.2国内对垃圾渗滤液估算方法的研究 ........................................................... 14 1.4 研究垃圾渗滤液估算法方法的意义 ......................................................................... 15 1.5 选题依据和创新点 ..................................................................................................... 16 1.5.1选题依据 ........................................................................................................... 16 1.5.2创新点 ............................................................................................................... 16 1.6 研究内容及思路 ......................................................................................................... 16 1.6.1研究内容 ........................................................................................................... 17 1.6.2研究思路 ........................................................................................................... 17 第二章 卫生填埋场垃圾渗滤液估算方法研究................................................................18 2.1 国内几种垃圾渗滤液主流计算方法 ......................................................................... 18 2.1.1工作条件下垃圾渗滤液的估算方法 ........................................................... 18 2.1.2封闭条件下垃圾渗滤液的估算方法 ........................................................... 19 2.1.3 水量平衡法 ........................................................................................................ 19 2.1.4 经验公式法 ........................................................................................................ 20 2.2 国内垃圾渗滤液估算方法的讨论与分析 ................................................................. 21 2.2.1 水量平衡法因子