I 摘要 我国特殊的地理位置及水资源特征，决定了洪涝灾害频发，干旱缺水，水资 源矛盾突出，在西部内陆河流域表现更为显著。“洪水资源化”、2005 年的《水 库汛限水位动态控制试点工作意见》及 2011 年的中央一号文件等一系列举措有力 推进了“汛限水位动态控制”的研究及应用。本文以干旱少雨、蒸发强烈的甘肃 省最大农业灌溉水库——双塔水库为研究对象，在系统阐述、总结汛限水位动态 控制的基础上对双塔水库实施汛限水位动态控制可行性进行研究。 汛限水位作为协调防洪和兴利关系的关键，如何在确保防洪安全的基础上， 实现水库汛限水位的动态控制对最大限度地发挥水库兴利效益具有重要现实意 义。利用双塔水库历史水文信息以及当前先进的流域自动化管理信息系统，对水 库汛期进行科学、合理、可行的划分，依据现行的汛限水位动态控制理论，针对 性的确定汛限水位上下限值，进而达到充分高效利用有限的洪水资源，发挥水库 综合调度功能，减少（或减轻）水库淤积，为下游流域生态保护、灌区灌溉提供 资源保障，确保流域生态环境、农业生产的可持续发展，有效解决灌区水资源供 需矛盾的目的。 本文通过向双塔水库、昌马水库、潘家庄水文站、昌马堡水文站、双塔堡水 文站、甘肃省水利水电勘测设计研究院等单位征集相关工程、水文、气象资料， 充分考究其所处流域气候特征、水文特征、管理现状，对双塔水库防洪设计标准 进行洪水安全复核，采取多方法对水库汛期进行重新分析划分，确定汛限水位动 态控制域，采用“预蓄预泄”法进行水库汛限水位动态控制研究，对实施该方案 的风险进行识别、分析，同时结合工程实际、水库管理经验、科学调度，为双塔 水库试行汛限水位动态控制提供合理依据。 双塔水库通过实行汛限水位动态控制和科学调度，既能有力保证灌区 46 万亩 耕地的正常夏灌，而且在不影响下游生态用水的供给的前提下较好发挥河道生态 功能，增加双塔水电站的水利发电效益，在减少水库库容空置时限的同时拉动水 库库区生态旅游资源开发及水库渔业养殖，提升双塔水库洪水资源利用率，提高 水资源经济、生态价值，充分发挥水库工程综合效益，低水头排洪、排沙有效降 低水库淤积速度，延长水库寿命。 关键词，双塔水库；汛限水位；动态控制；洪水复核；风险分析Abstract II Abstract The special geographical position and the characteristics of water resources in China determine the frequent floods, drought, water shortage,the contradiction of water resources, it is obvious in the inland water systems in the west. “Floodwater utilization”, The pilot work on dynamic control of reservoir in 2005 and The No. 1 document from the national central government in 2011 promote the research and application of dynamic control of the limited water level. This paper aims to study the feasibility of the flood limited water level dynamic control of Shuangta reservoir where the rain is lack and the evaporation is strong as the largest agricultural irrigation reservoir in Gansu on the basis of exposition and summary of dynamic control of the limited water level. Limited flood water level is the key to coordinate the relationship between flood control and its irrigation level, It is of immediate significance how to realize the dynamic control of he limited water level and maximize the reservoir’s economical benefits on the basis of the safety of the reservoir flood control.Using Shuangta reservoir historical hydrological information and the current advanced automation management information system of river basin to make the reservoir flood season scientific, reasonable and feasible, based on the existing theory of limited water level dynamic control to determine upper and lower limit level make full and efficient use of limited resources of the flood, reservoir comprehensive scheduling functions, reducing the reservoir sedimentation, protecting the downstream watershed ecologic, providing resource guarantee ,ensuring the sustainable development of river basin ecological environment and agricultural production, effectively solving the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in the irrigation area come true. By collecting related engineering, hydrological and meteorological data for management institute of Shuangta reservoir, management institute of Changma reservoir, Changma hydrological station, Panjiazhuang hydrological station, Shuangta hydrological station, Gansu institute of water resources and hydropower research and other units, the paper is to make it true that is dynamic control of the limited water level on the basin of fully study climate characteristics, hydrological characteristics, management status of its basin, review safety of the design criteria of Shuangta reservoir flood control, multiple methods to delimit the flood season of reservoir ,determine the range of the limited water level dynamic control, research dynamic control of the limited water level at Shuangta reservoir by “pre-storage and pre-discharge”, identification and analysis of risk of the implementation of this scheme, at the same time, combined with practical engineering, experience of reservoir management and scientific scheduling. Implementing dynamic control level and scientific operation at Shuangta reservoir can effectively guarantee the normal summer irrigation 460000 mu in the irrigationAbstract III area,play to the river ecological function in the premise of not affect downstream ecological water supply better , increase hydroelectric power benefits of Shuangta hydropower station, promote the reservoir area ecological tourism resource development and increase benefits of reservoir fisheries aquaculture as reducing reservoir empty time, improve the reservoir flood resources utilization, improve the economy and ecological value of water resources, give full play to the reservoir engineering comprehensive benefit, effectively reduce the reservoir sedimentation rate, extend the life of the reservoir. Key words: Shuangta reservoir; flood limited water level; dynamic control; the flood review; risk analysis目 录 IV 目 录 第 1 章 引言.....................................................................................................................1 1.1 水资源.....................................................................................................................1 1.2 洪水资源利用.........................................................................................................1 1.3 水库调度.................................................................................................................2 1.4 汛限水位动态控制国内外发展概况.....................................................................2 第 2 章 工程背景.............................................................................................................5 2.1 流域背景.................................................................................................................5 2.2 气象特征..................................................................................................................5 2.3 水文测站及基本资料..............................................................................................6 2.4 上游昌马水库概况及运行方式..............................................................................7 2.5 双塔水库背景.........................................................................................................8 2.5.1 概况..................................................................................................................8 2.5.2 存在问题........................................................................................................10 第 3 章 报告研究意义及内容.......................................................................................12 3.1 汛限水位动态控制研究意义...............................................................................12 3.2 双塔水库汛限水位动态控制现实意义...............................................................13 3.3 本报告主要研究内容............................................................................................13 3.3.1 水库现状防洪标准复核.................................................................................13 3.3.2 汛期划分及汛限水位推求............................................................................13 3.3.3 水库汛限水位动态控制....................................................................