A市虽然是北方的港口城市，但淡水资源匮乏，缺水情况严重，多年来依靠 外省引调淡水解决用水问题，加之A市是以工业为主的城市，水资源污染尚未得 到有效的控制，导致水资源紧缺。随着城市经济发展和人口快速增长，该市城东 区原有的污水处理厂规模已经难以满足实际需要，大量未经处理的污水被直接排 放，不仅影响城市整体环境，还将污染渤海近海水域的水体。由此可见，城东污 水处理厂建设已经迫在眉睫，是关系A市经济发展和环保水平的重要工程。 本文首先提出了选题的背景和意义，介绍了国内外污水处理技术研究的现 状，重点介绍了应用广泛、技术先进的处理技术与工程实例。其次，针对A市城 东区的实际情况，对研究区域的排水系统规划中污水处理厂服务区的现阶段用水 量进行监测，以及初步估算未来用水量，最终确定本污水处理厂的处理规模；根 据对原污水中污染物的测定，确定污水厂的进水水质；根据国家环保总局及地方 标准规定，确保污水处理厂的出水水质达到GB18918-2002一级A排放标准。第三， 对污水厂进水的综合水质及各种污染物的去除工艺进行了详细分析，并通过比较 常用的几种深度处理技术及组合工艺，通过对该项目的资金投入、处理工艺的有 效性、运行管理的可行性、占地面积等方面进行比较分析，最终选择以SF-AO工 艺作为生物处理工艺，并采用混合+絮凝+沉淀+过滤作为深度处理工艺的技术路 线，同时完成了厂区内主要构筑物的设计。针对该地区的实际情况，整个工程设 计具有经济适用、安全可靠的特点，具有较好的创新性和先进性。 通过分析、预测城东污水处理厂周边自然环境、社会环境，总结了该污水处 理厂建设的社会效益、环境效益和经济效益，并对建成后的运行管理提出了建议。 关键词，污水处理，深度处理，脱氮除磷，反硝化ABSTRACT A is a city severely short of water. The development of industry continuously polluting the limited water resources, along with the periodic droughts and uneven distribution of regional water resources, are all contributing to the growing shortage of water resources. With the development of economy and the rapid increase of population, the original Sewage Treatment Plant in the east of the city cannot meet practical needs anymore. Consequently, the direct emission of raw sewage in large scale not only affects the city environment, but also pollutes waters near the Bohai Sea. It can thus be seen that it is urgent to reconstruct The east SewageTreatment Plant, which has a great influence on economic development and environmental protection of the city. Firstly, this paper put forward the background and significance of this topic, introduced the current research of sewage treatment technologies both at home and abroad, laid emphasis on the advanced technology and projects. Secondly, according to the real situation in the east of the city and the prediction of water consumption in long term and short term, the article determined the suitable processing scale of the sewage treatment plant; through investigating the comprehensive quality of sewage in this area, the article determined the quality of influent water in the plant; in accordance with the State Environmental Protection Administration and local standards, it determined that the water quality of effluent should meet GB18918-2002, the first level of emissions standards. Thirdly, this paper precisely analyzed the composition of sewage and various pollutants removal processes, and then, it made a comparison between several advanced treatments and the combination techniques. Taking all these factors into account, such as the investment of the project, the convenience and economy of the operation and management, the reliability of the process, and the covered area, it is decided that the SF-AO technology acted as the biological treatment and the technical route “mixed + flocculation + precipitation + filtration process” served as the advanced treatment. Meanwhile, this paper also completed the design of main structures of the plant, which must be suitable for real situation, combined with practical economy and reliable safety, great innovation and advancement as well. Through predicting, analyzing the natural and social environment around the eastsewage treatment plant, this article summarized the social benefits, environmental benefits and economic benefits of the construction of this plant, and came up with advices on operation and management in the future. KEY WORDS: sewage treatment, advanced treatment, nitrogen and phosphorus removal, denitrification目 录 第一章 绪 论........................................................................................................1 1.1 选题背景..................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外污水处理现状..............................................................................1 1.2.1 国外污水处理现状.......................................................................1 1.2.2 国内污水处理现状.......................................................................2 1.3 本文研究目的和内容............................................................................ 11 1.3.1 研究目的..................................................................................... 11 1.3.2 研究内容..................................................................................... 11 第二章 工程概述..............................................................................................12 2.1 城市与处理厂区域概况........................................................................12 2.1.1 城市概况.....................................................................................12 2.1.2 处理厂区域概况.........................................................................13 2.2 排水现状及规划....................................................................................14 2.2.1 排水现状及排放水体概况.........................................................14 2.2.2 城市排水规划.............................................................................16 2.3 建设的必要性........................................................................................16 2.3.1 改善水环境的重要措施.............................................................16 2.3.2 城市发展建设的需要.................................................................17 第三章 污水处理厂处理程度与处理工艺的确定............................................20 3.1 污水处理厂建设规模............................................................................20 3.1.1 处理规模的预测.........................................................................20 3.1.2 污水处理厂处理规模的确定.....................................................24 3.2 污水处理厂进出水水质的确定............................................................24 3.2.1 进水水质.....................................................................................24 3.2.2 出水水质.....................................................................................29 3.2.3 处理要求.....................................................................................29 3.3 厂址的选择...........................................................................................30 3.4 污水处理工艺方案的选择....................................................................31 3.4.1 常规二级处理工艺.....................................................................32 3.4.2 脱氮除磷工艺............................................................................33 3.4.3 污水二级生物处理工艺的确定.................................................34 3.5 深度处理工艺的选择............................................................................343.6 污水处理工艺流程................................................................................36 第四章 污水处理厂主要构筑物设计............................................................38 4.1 总体设计................................................................................................38 4.2 进水预处理区主要构筑物...................................................................39 4.2.1 粗格栅及进水泵房.....................................................................39 4.2.2 细格栅及曝气沉砂池.................................................................40 4.3 生物处理区主要构筑物................