海洋是人类生命支持系统的重要组成部分,是全球气候变化的调节器, 海国家可持续发展的宝贵财富和战略空间 对海洋的价值及其作用的认识逐步深入, 随着社会的发展和科技的进步 是沿 人类 对海洋的开发利用朝着多元化方向发 展,人类的可持续发展将越来越多的依赖海洋,各国也日益重视对海洋权益的维 护 5联合国海洋法公约6所确立的海洋法律制度确立了世界海洋新秩序,使各 国提高了对海洋重要性的认识随着5联合国海洋法公约6的生效,许多沿海国 家为获得政治!经济!军事上的有利态势和战略利益,拓宽海洋问题的范围,竞 相调整国家海洋战略和政策,提升海洋问题在国内外政策中的地位更多的海洋 国家加速了国内海洋立法程序,纷纷依据5联合国海洋法公约6的有关规定以及 世界海洋竞争发展的态势,认真审视本国的海洋政策,制定本国海洋基本法律, 在海洋立法!规划!海洋维权管理等方面加大了力度制定5海洋基本法6对海 洋进行综合管理已经成为当今世界主要海洋国家海洋法制发展的方向 我国既是一个陆地大国,也是一个海洋大国,在重要海洋事务上不应当落后, 也应当有一个统领海洋各个领域工作的基本法律新中国成立后我国的海洋立法 有了很大的发展但迄今我国尚没有一个统揽海洋事业发展的根本大法,己有的 一些海洋法律和政策大多为各涉海部门制定,部门利益突出,综合性不足,且彼 此不够协调,有的甚至互相矛盾冲突为了实现建设海洋强国的目标,迫切需要 以科学发展观为指导,制定5海洋基本法6 制定5海洋基本法6,可以确定我国海洋事业发展的基本方针!政策!发展 目标和规划等,对海洋政策!规划!管理体制!管理原则和制度等进行统一!规 范,对海洋实施全方位的规划和管理,并为制定海洋单项法律提供直接依据同 时,还将为我国解决实际中存在的海洋权益纠纷提供国内法律依据,对于我们有 理有利有节地处理海洋争端,妥善解决海洋权益争议起到重大作用 木文共分五部分第一部分从介绍海洋的战略地位入手,得出国家对海洋进 行开发!利用和管理的重要性第二部分首先介绍5联合国海洋法公约6制定后形成的国际海洋新秩序,以便为后文论述世界海洋大国的泪}关海洋认法和政策受 定背景基础随后要介绍世界海洋大国的相关海洋立法和政策,通过比较法的视 角,得出我国制定海洋基本法的必要性和紧迫性第三部分主要足从理论层lfl}探 讨我国制定海洋基本法的必要性第四部分主要从实践层而探讨我国制定海洋从 本法的必要性第四部分从国内政治环境和法理环境两方Ifll来论证制定5海洋从 本法6的可行性通过前文的论述,对我国{}jlJ定海洋从本法的必要性和!lJ一行性有 了一个大概的认识,但是理论研究的!8的在于指引实践1川此,木文最后部分 试图在前文论述的基础上提出我国制定5海洋华木法6的框架构想,并提出在其 他方面应采取哪些努力及其它应对配套措施 制定5海洋荃本法6是国家所需,民族所需I戊略所击,对J飞确认71,国是 个海洋国家的法律地位,将建设海洋强国的政策提升为国家意志,对一于完善我国 海洋法律体系,维护我国的权益,改善我lf{I的海洋管理具有币要!(lJ.深远的意义, 也具有现实的紧迫性这也正是本文研究的意义所在 关键词:中国海洋基本法5联合国海洋法公约6海洋权益ResearchontheNecessityandFeasibilityaboutFormulating OeeanBasieLawinChina Abstraet OeeanPlaysanimPortantroleinhuman.5life.ItalsoPlaysanimPortantrolein thecoastaleountry,5sustainabledeveloPment.WiththedeveloPmentofsoeietyand theProgressofseienceandteehnology,PeoPleusetheoeeantowardstodiversify. ThesustainabledeveloPmentwillincreasinglyrelyonmarine:countriesalsoPay moreattentiontothemaintenaneeofMarinerights. UnitedNationsConventlononLlwoftheSeaestablishneworderoftheworld,s oeeans,itmakeseountriestoimProveawarenessoftheimPortaneeofoceans.Many eoastaleountriesinordertoobtainPolitieal,eeonomie,militaryandstrategieinterests ofthefavorabletrendtobroadentherangeofoceanissues,eomPetingforthenational maritimeStrategyandPolicyadjustmentstoenhancedomesticandforeignPolicy issuesinmarineinthePosition.MoreandmoreeountriesaeeeleratedIegislative Proeess,therelevantProvisionsofthedeveloPmentofcomPetitionandthetrendof theworld.5oceans,hardlookattheirnationaloeeanPoliey,thedeveloPmentof national一narinebasielaw,maritimelegislation,Planning,rightsmanagementand marineinereasedefforts.DeveloPmentofOeeanBasieLawandtheintegrated managementofoeeanshasbeeolnetheworld.5majormarinenationalmaritimelegal develoPment. China15bothalandanda一naritimeeountry.Itshouldhaveaeommandofthe basieareasofmarinelaw.Afterthefoundi一19ofNewChina,China,5marine legislationhasbeengreatlydeveloPed.But50farChina15stillnottakeontheoverall develoPmentofthefunda一nentallawofthesea,alotofthemarinelawsandPolicies aremostlydeveloPedforthe一朴arinedePartments,dePartmentalinterestsoutstanding, lesseomPrehensive,andcoordinatedwitheaehotherenough,andsomeeveneonflict witheachother.FormulatingOeeanBasieLaw15rleeessary. DeveloPmentofOeeanBasieLaw,todeterlninetheeauseofChina,5marine develoPmentofthebasiePrillciPles,Polieies,develoPmentgoalsandPlanning,marine 111Poliey,Planning,managementsystem,managementPrineiPlesandsystemstoa unified,standardized,eomPrehensiveimPlenle一ltationofthemarinePlanningand management,andforthedeveloPmentofmaritimelawtoProvidedireetindividual basis.Meanwhile,ChinawillalsosolvePraetiealmarinerightsandintereststhatexist inthedomesticlegalbasisfordisPuteresolution,enablingarationalseetionforusto handlemaritimedisPutes,maritimerightsandinterestsandProPerlysolvedisPutes Playamajor:ole. ThePaPereanbedividedinto5Parts.AndthefirstPart15thebasieeontents aboutthebaekgroundintroduetion.Startingfro一ntheanalysisonoeeanstrategie Positioning,weeangettheimPortaneefortheeountiestoexPlore,useandmanagethe oeeans.TheseeondPartstatestheinternationalmarinenewordersfor一nulatedafter theenaetmentofUnitedNationsConventiononLawoftheSeatoIayeertain theoretiealbaekgroundbasisforthelaterdiseussionsontherelatedMarine legislationsandPolieiesabouttheworld.s一11aritilnenations.Thefol]owingPart,we w111introduceabouttheworld.5othermarinePowersfortheirlegislationandPolieies resPeetively,andthrougheo一nParingweeanseetheneeessitiesandurgeneyforour eountrytoformulatebasicmaritimelaw.ThethirdPartwillexPloretheneeessitiesfor oureounty.5formulationofbasiemaritimelawfromthetheoretieallevels.Thefourth PartmainlyexPlorestheneeessitiesofforrnulationforChineseoeeanbasielawfrom thePraetieallevels.AndthefourthPartwilltestifythefeasibilitiesforformulating oeeanbasielawthroughdomestiePolitiealenvironmentsandlegalenvironments. Basedonthe:lb()vest:,tements,wewillgetthe()verviewab()utneeessitiesand feasibilitiesfor()ureountry.5formulationforoee:znbasielaw.Whi]ethePurPoseof ourstudyairnsatdireetingPraetices.Henee,thelastPartofourPaPerattemPtsto ProPosethefranleworkforoureountrytoformulateoeeanbasielawbasedonthe formerstateme一ltsandallalysis.TheguidanceaxldIegislativemind一setforour eountry.5formulationofbasieoeeanlaw,theProblemsthatshouldbePayattentionto ontheseissues,andthesuggestionsfortheframeworksofthemaineontents,allof themareforbettersafeguardingandProteetingoureountry.s一naritimeinterestsand rights.AttheendofourPaPer,wewillhaveabriefstatementaboutthestrategieaims lVforrealizingoureountrytobeagiantPowerinInaritimefields.Forthisobject,wenot onlyneedtoformulatethebasieoeeanlawbuttheothermeasuresthatweshould strivetoaehieveforregulatingittosoundfunetions. DeveloPmentofOeeanBasieLaweanimProvethemarinelegalsystem,Preserve ourrights,andimProvethemanagementofoeean.This15exactlythesignifieaneeof thisartiele. Keywords:China,OeeanBasieLaw,UnitedNationsConventiononLawoftheSea Marinerightsandinterests V目录 前言......................,........................................................................................l 第一章海洋的战略地位.....................................................................................3 第一节海洋对一人类社会的影响..................................................................3 一!海洋是人类的生存之源..........,................,...........................3 二!海洋是国家走向进步的通道.............................................,.......3 三!海洋是发展经济的重要空间...........................................................4 四!海洋是国家参与国际事务的乖要舞台...........................................4 第二节我国海洋开发的现状和71标..........................................................5 一!我国海洋开发的历史和现状...........................................................5 二!建设海洋强国的奋斗目标..........................................................,.,6 第二章国际海洋立法的发展与现状..二,............-.-........,-.!....8 第一节国际海洋法的性质与历史发展......................................................8 一!国际海洋法