- I - 摘要 近年来世界上大停电事故的频发使得人们愈发关注电网的安全运行和电力系统恢复 问题。黑启动作为事故后快速恢复电网供电的首要环节，一直是电力系统领域研究的重要 课题。对于太阳能资源丰富的地区，光伏因其能量密度高、持续时间长的出力特性具备了 作为黑启动电源的条件，配置储能构成光储联合发电系统用于电网黑启动具有较高的可行 性。利用新型的光储黑启动电源应对电网突发性事故，不仅大大提高了区域电网的黑启动 能力，加快了故障后电网的恢复速度，同时也拓宽了光伏发电的应用前景。 本文首先研究了光储联合黑启动的一般过程，给出了用于黑启动的光储联合发电系统 的结构配置；从黑启动中的辅机供电需求出发，考虑到不同的黑启动起始时间下光伏出力 的不同，基于不同时间尺度分析确定了光储黑启动电源的容量配置。 其次，研究了黑启动中的光储出力协调控制问题，考虑到长时间的黑启动过程中光伏 出力的波动以及辅机负荷变化频繁，计及储能的充/放电功率和电量约束，提出了光储联合 黑启动能量管理策略；针对含高比例光伏电源的局域电网，基于 MATLAB/Simulink 进行 黑启动仿真，验证了所提出的能量管理策略及光储容量配置的合理性。 然后，依据地区电网的建设情况，基于光储容量的配置结果，考虑到黑启动受执行时 间的影响，确定黑启动电源、待启动电厂和黑启动路径，设计制定了光储联合黑启动方案， 用于指导电网停电事故后的现场恢复。 最后，基于 PSCAD/EMTDC 搭建了光储系统黑启动仿真模型，分别设计了储能和光 伏的控制系统，对光储系统的自启动过程以及光储联合带负荷运行过程进行仿真研究，验 证了光储联合实施黑启动的可行性。 关键词，黑启动；光储联合发电系统；容量配置；能量管理策略东北电力大学工学硕士学位报告 - II - Abstract Nowadays，the frequent occurrence of large blackout accidents in the world have drawn increasingly concerned about the safe and stable operation of the power grid. As the fist step of power restoration after blackout, black-start has always been an important issue in the field of power system research. For areas with rich solar energy resources, photovoltaics have the conditions as a power source of black-start because of it high energy density and long duration output characteristics. The configuration of energy storage constitutes a light storage combined power system for the black start of the grid with high feasibility. Photovoltaic and energy storage system is highly feasible for grid black-start. Utilizing a new type of power source supply for emergency response to grid accidents, not only has the black-start capability of the regional grid been greatly improved, but also the speed of recovery of the grid has been accelerated, and it has also broadened the application prospect of photovoltaic power generation at the same time. This paper first studies the general black-start process based on photovoltaic and energy storage system, and gives the structure configuration of the photovoltaic and energy storage system for black-start. Starting from the load demand of the black-start, taking into account the limitation of the start-up time on the photovoltaic output, based on the analysis of different time scales, the capacity configuration of the power source is determined. Secondly, the issue of coordinating control power of photovoltaic and energy storage system in black-start is studied. Taking into account PV output fluctuations and the frequent changes in auxiliary load during the black-start process, considring the constraints of energy storage, an energy management strategy of black-start is proposed. And then, aiming at a local grid with a high percentage of photovoltaic power, black-start simulation is performed based on MATLAB/Simulink, which verifies the proposed energy management strategy and the capacity configuration is rational. Thirdly, based on the construction of the regional grid and the configuration of the photovoltaic and energy storage capacity, as well as considering the limitation of execution time, a black-start program is designed to guide the on-site recovery after a grid blackout by determining power source, plant and path of black-start. Finally, based on PSCAD/EMTDC, the black-start simulation model of the optical storage system is built, and the energy storage and photovoltaic control systems were designed respectively. The simulation result of the self-starting process of photovoltaic and energy storage system and system combined with load operation has verified the feasibility of the black-startAbstract - III - based on photovoltaic and energy storage system. Keywords: Black-start; Photovoltaic and Energy Storage system joint operation; Capacity allocation; Energy management strategy东北电力大学工学硕士学位报告 - IV - 目 录 摘要..........................................................................................................................................I Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... II 第 1 章 绪 论...........................................................................................................................1 1.1 课题背景与研究意义 .......................................................................................................1 1.2 电网黑启动的研究现状 ...................................................................................................3 1.2.1 常规电源黑启动研究综述.....................................................................................3 1.2.2 新能源电源黑启动研究综述.................................................................................6 1.3 本文的主要工作 ...............................................................................................................7 第 2 章 用于黑启动的光储联合发电系统配置...........................................................................8 2.1 光储联合发电系统结构配置 ...........................................................................................8 2.2 光储黑启动电源的容量配置 .........................................................................................10 2.2.1 黑启动可执行时段的确定...................................................................................10 2.2.2 光储容量的确定...................................................................................................13 2.2.3 算例分析...............................................................................................................14 2.3 本章小结 .........................................................................................................................15 第 3 章 光储联合黑启动中的能量协调控制.............................................................................17 3.1 计及储能约束的黑启动能量管理策略 .........................................................................17 3.2 仿真验证 .........................................................................................................................19 3.2.1 仿真条件...............................................................................................................19 3.2.2 仿真结果分析.......................................................................................................21 3.3 本章小结 .........................................................................................................................24 第 4 章 光储联合黑启动方案设计.............................................................................................25 4.1 黑启动方案设计流程 .....................................................................................................25 4.1.1 黑启动电源确定...................................................................................................25 4.1.2 待启动电厂选择...................................................................................................25 4.1.3 黑启动路径规划...................................................................................................26 4.2 基于启动时间限制的光储联合黑启动方案 .................................................................26 4.3 本章小结 .........................................................................................................................30 第