近年来，IT 技术的高速发展、IT 市场的急剧变化和来自不同角度的创新， 在给我国中小型 IT 企业带来挑战的同时，也带来了更多的机遇。R 公司作为哈 尔滨的一家中小型 IT 系统集成商，经过十余年的发展，业务扩展到黑龙江的金 融、政府等多个行业，具有丰富的“系统集成”经验和客户资源。然而缺少“核 心技术产品”已成为公司发展的瓶颈。近两年，R 公司成立软件技术部门，准 备向软件行业转型，以增加公司的技术能力，扩展更大的软件市场。因此，研 究 R公司如何从低技术型企业向高新技术企业发展，管理如何转变，业务如何 扩展，技术如何积累，具有重要的现实意义。 本文依据搜集、整理、研究的国内外 IT 企业研究现状等资料，结合转型、 战略转型、IT 服务等相关理论，通过对 R 公司的财务、管理、组织、经营状况 的掌握，分析 R 公司的优劣势；结合外部环境的宏观分析（PEST）和行业分析， 确定驱动 R 公司转型的因素。运用 SWOT 分析进行策略分析评估，制定了适合 R 公司的“扩张发展和内部增强型相结合”的转型策略；向 IT 综合服务商转型， 打造“管理咨询、行业解决方案与产品、运维服务”的全生命周期的综合服务 体系的转型方向；提出了，“创新，分享，合作，共赢”的核心理念；以及“点、 线、面”的短期、中期、长期目标；并制定了执行的策略和保障措施。 本文的研究成果不仅可以适用于 R 公司，同时也可为国内其他中小型企业 的发展和转型起到借鉴作用。 关键词，转型；策略；中小企业；系统集成哈尔滨工业大学工商管理硕士学位论文 -II- Abstract In recent years, the rapid development of IT technology, rapid changes in IT market and innovation from different perspectives have brought more opportunities as well as challenges to small and medium-sized IT enterprises in China. As a small and medium-sized IT system integrator in Harbin, R company has expanded its business to finance, government and other industries in Heilongjiang after more than ten years of development. It has rich experience of system integration and customer resources. However, the lack of core technology products has become the bottleneck of the company's development. In the past two years, R company has set up a software technology department to prepare for the transformation to the software industry, in order to increase the company's technological capabilities and expand the larger software market. Therefore, how does R company develop from low-tech enterprises to high-tech enterprisesHow does management changeHow does the business expandHow does technology accumulateIt has important practical significance. Based on collecting, sorting out and studying the current situation of IT enterprises at home and abroad, combining with the relevant theories of transformation, strategic transformation and IT services, this paper analyses the strengths and weaknesses of R company through mastering its financial, management, organization and operation status, and identifies the factors driving the transformation of R company by combining the macro-analysis of external environment (PEST) and industry analysis. The SWOT analysis is used to analyze and evaluate the strategy, and the transformation strategy suitable for R company's combination of expansion and development and internal enhancement is formulated; the transformation direction for IT integrated service providers to build a life cycle integrated service system of management consulting, industry solutions and products, operation and maintenance services; the core principle of innovation, sharing, cooperation, win-win is put forward. The short-term, medium-term and long-term objectives of point, line and surface are also discussed, and the implementation strategies and safeguards are formulated. The research results of this paper can not only be applied to R company, but哈尔滨工业大学工商管理硕士学位论文 -III- also play a reference role for the development and transformation of other small and medium-sized enterprises in China. Keywords: transformation， strategy， small and medium enterprise， system integration哈尔滨工业大学工商管理硕士学位论文 -IV- 目 录 摘要...............................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................II 第 1 章 绪 论...................................................................................................................1 1.1 问题提出...............................................................................................................1 1.1.1 研究的背景....................................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究的目的及意义........................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状.................................................................................................. 2 1.2.1 国外研究现状................................................................................................2 1.2.2 国内研究现状................................................................................................4 1.2.3 国内外研究综述............................................................................................5 1.3 研究内容和研究思路..........................................................................................6 1.3.1 研究方法........................................................................................................ 6 1.3.2 研究内容........................................................................................................ 7 1.3.3 论文框架........................................................................................................ 7 第 2 章 R 公司现状及内外环境分析........................................................................... 9 2.1 R 公司基本情况介绍及发展现状分析.............................................................. 9 2.1.1 企业介绍........................................................................................................ 9 2.1.2 企业发展现状分析......................................................................................11 2.1.3 企业优劣势分析..........................................................................................13 2.2 基于 PEST 模型的宏观环境分析....................................................................15 2.2.1 政治环境...................................................................................................... 15 2.2.2 经济环境...................................................................................................... 17 2.2.3 社会环境...................................................................................................... 18 2.2.4 技术环境...................................................................................................... 18 2.3 R 公司所处行业环境分析.................................................................................19 2.3.1 行业发展现状..............................................................................................19 2.3.2 行业发展趋势分析......................................................................................20 2.4 R 公司内外环境综合分析................................................................................21 2.5 本章小结............................................................................................................ 22 第 3 章 R 公司转型策略制定......................................................................................23 3.1 转型驱动因素分析............................................................................................23哈尔滨工业大学工商管理硕士学位论文 -V- 3.1.1 新技术发展因素..........................................................................................23 3.1.2 客户需求变化因素......................................................................................24 3.1.3 同行业竞争对手因素................................................................................. 24 3.2 策略分析评估和策略选择................................................................................25 3.2.1 策略分析评估......................