雷达的主要应用之一就是对降雨的测量，对降水的测量经历了从地到天再 到空的转变，TRMM-PR 的成功标志着星载降雨雷达走进人们视野的开端，地 球静止轨道降雨雷达可以获得比 TRMM-PR 更加优越的性能，它可以从高轨直 接测得降雨的三维垂直结构而不受到时间和地点的限制从而达到对所关心区 域的实时监测，它也是未来降雨雷达的发展趋势。本文从理论上对星载降雨雷 达计划是否可行做了初步的论证，主要考虑在满足系统其它指标的要求与实际 情况的限制下能否达到指标对分辨率的要求以及接收回波信号的功率是否能 达到检测门限。从这两点出发，本文在分析清楚了气象目标的 RCS 后对雨水 回波的功率进行了计算；然后又从二维分辨率指标要求入手，进行了天线布阵 方式的研究使得水平分辨率达到要求，又对发射信号的各项参数进行了设定， 分析了杂波的抑制方法，分析了脉冲压缩技术并且对其产生的距离旁瓣进行了 有效地抑制从而满足了垂直分辨率的要求，其中着重分析了对旁瓣抑制的各种 方法，引用了一种新的有效地旁瓣抑制方法。最后对结果进行了一次非线性坐 标变换，使得整个计算过程与系统要求相符合。 关键词，地球静止轨道星载降雨雷达；天线布阵；气象目标 RCS； 脉冲压缩； 距离旁瓣抑制；地杂波抑制哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位报告 -II- Abstract One of the main applications of radar is the measurement of precipitation, the measurement of precipitation has experienced the change from the ground to the sky then to the space, the success of the TRMM-PR marks the beginning of the development of the spaceborne precipitation radar, the geostationary orbit precipitation radar can perform more excellent than TRMM-PR, it can measure directly from the high orbit the rainfall’s vertical 3D-structure without the limitation of the time or the place so as to achieve the real time monitoring of the region of interest, it is also the trend of future precipitation radar. This article finish a preliminary verification about if spaceborne precipitation radar plan is feasible from the theory, the main consideration is that if the system can achieve the indicators on the resolution requirements when it meets the other requirements and the actual situation constraints and if the echo power can meet the detection threshold. From these two points, based on the analysis of meteorological target’s RCS the article calculates the rain echo power; then to meet the requirement of high two-dimensional resolution,it completes the antenna arrangement to meet the requirement of hig horizontal resolution, and then it designs reasonable signal parameters, it also give a briefly analysis of the clutter suppression, it completes the analysis of pulse compression techniques and finds the effective method for the range sidelobe suppression to meet the requirements of vertical resolution, it focuses on the analysis of sidelobe suppression methods, introduces a new effective method for sidelobe suppression. Finally,it completes a nonlinear coordinate transformation on the results, which makes the calculation process and system requirements compatible. Keywords: geostationary orbit spaceborne precipitation radar, antenna array, Meteorological target’s RCS, pulse compression, the suppression of range sidelobes, clutter suppression哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位报告 -III- 目 录 摘要.................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT........................................................................................................II 第 1 章 绪 论................................................................................................... 1 1.1 课题背景及研究的目的和意义................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外在该方向的研究现状及分析 ......................................................... 2 1.2.1 典型星载降雨雷达介绍...................................................................... 2 1.2.2 典型降雨测量雷达的比较 .................................................................. 3 1.2.3 国内的星载降雨雷达成果 .................................................................. 4 1.2.4 星载降雨雷达的发展趋势 .................................................................. 4 1.3 本文的主要研究内容 ................................................................................ 5 第 2 章 气象目标的散射特性分析..................................................................... 7 2.1 云、雨、雪的形成机理及其特点............................................................. 7 2.2 气象目标的 RCS....................................................................................... 7 2.3 KU 波段的雨衰减特性研究....................................................................... 9 2.3.1 雨衰减机理......................................................................................... 9 2.3.2 雨衰减率的计算 ............................................................................... 10 2.4 测雨原理................................................................................................. 13 2.4.1 利用反射率因子测量降雨 ................................................................ 13 2.4.2 利用衰减系数测量降雨.................................................................... 14 2.5 本章小结................................................................................................. 15 第 3 章 GEO 星载降雨雷达相控阵天线阵型设计........................................... 16 3.1 设计要求................................................................................................. 16 3.2 地球静止轨道（G EOSTATIONARY EARTH ORBIT ）基本概念 .................... 16 3.3 覆盖区域的确定——决定相控阵天线法线指向及二维扫描范围 .......... 17 3.3.1 纬度覆盖区域扫描角范围（交轨方向） ......................................... 18 3.3.2 经度覆盖区域扫描角范围（顺轨方向） ......................................... 19 3.4 地面分辨率指标——取决于相控阵天线波束宽度................................. 20 3.5 二维稀疏阵型仿真计算（实际上要求地面二维高分辨） ..................... 20哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位报告 -IV- 3.6 本章小结................................................................................................. 27 第 4 章 雷达信号参数设计及雷达信号处理模式分析 .................................... 28 4.1 雷达信号参数选择.................................................................................. 28 4.1.1 时宽和带宽的选择 ........................................................................... 28 4.1.2 脉冲重复频率的选择........................................................................ 29 4.2 脉冲压缩原理 ......................................................................................... 30 4.3 脉冲压缩技术分析.................................................................................. 32 4.3.1 发射机阶段加权 ............................................................................... 32 4.3.2 接收机阶段加权 ............................................................................... 33 4.4 新脉冲压缩方法...................................................................................... 34 4.5 脉冲压缩与距离旁瓣抑制方法的性能比较 ............................................ 36 4.5.1 发射机阶段时域加窗........................................................................ 37 4.5.2 接收机阶段的加权 ........................................................................... 40 4.5.3 新脉冲压缩距离旁瓣抑制方法......................................................... 43 4.6 地杂波抑制 ............................................................................................. 44 4.7 本章小结................................................................................................. 47 第 5 章 雷达总体性能估算.............................................................................. 48 5.1 雷达方案的描述...................................................................................... 48 5.1.1 雷达体制 .......................................................................................... 48 5.1.2 工作模式 .......................................................................................... 48 5.2 雷达回波功率的计算 ..........