国民经济的大力发展与制造业息息相关，与之而来的废旧产品处理问题则是亟待解 决的难题之一，再制造产业在这种情况下应用而生，不仅解决了废旧产品零部件的处理 问题，又节省了大量的人财物资。因此，再制造产业已是国际经济发展、资源循环的新 兴产业，有着不可限量的发展前途。同时，国民经济的发展又与铁路运输息息相关，而 内燃机车又是铁路运输中必不可少的动力装置之一，比如在某些寒冷和山区线路中主要 以内燃机车为主，轴瓦则是其重要的零部件。在正常工况下，轴瓦作为内燃机的主要摩 擦副，承受着很高的非稳定性载荷，易于产生磨损失效。因而，轴瓦在内燃机每次大修 时会全部进行更换，更换后的轴瓦则全部回炉，重新制造。而如果对于更换的轴瓦进行 再制造，充分利用更换轴瓦的蕴含剩余价值，可以节约大量的资源、节省财力、减少劳 动力和缩短新轴瓦的制造周期。 本文以内燃机轴瓦的再制造为研究对象，进一步分析阐述了轴瓦再制造的关键工程 技术及工艺流程及其再制造需要的复合涂层材料，接着以滑动轴承材料的性能为要求制 备了轴瓦再制造需要的涂层材料—聚酰亚胺基复合涂层材料，对其摩擦磨损性能进行了 实验研究。最后对轴瓦的润滑理论基础、主要结构和装配参数进行了分析和计算。并对 再制造后的轴瓦和原轴瓦进行了有限元分析，论证了以聚酰亚胺基复合材料为轴瓦再制 造涂层材料的可行性。本报告的主要研究内容和结果如下: 首先，阐述了机车轴瓦再制造的关键工程技术，设计了轴瓦再制造的工艺流程及其 再制造所需要的喷涂设备—日本岩田 SPRAY GUN W-71 手动喷枪和选择再制造涂层材 料—聚酰亚胺基复合涂层材料。 其次，以滑动轴承材料的性能为要求制备了轴瓦再制造需要的涂层材料。采用原位 聚合法合成制备了聚酰亚胺基复合涂层材料。对它们的摩擦磨损进行了测试，得到了其 在不同载荷和速度工况条件下的摩擦系数和体积磨损率等性能。结果分析表明，两种复 合涂层材料作为减磨层，其摩擦系数和体积磨损率等摩擦学性能均足够满足该轴瓦减磨 涂层材料的使用需求。进一步，对涂层的表面磨痕和对偶件的转移膜进行了表征分析， 初步得到了其具有良好摩擦磨损性能的机理，为该涂层材料作为再制造复合减磨涂层的 应用打下了坚实的基础。 再次，详细介绍了内燃机车轴瓦的结构、工作状态、失效机理分析和润滑油膜的形 成原理及轴瓦材料性能的要求，并对轴瓦的装配方式进行阐述和装配过盈量进行计算。 最后，以 ABAQUS 有限元分析软件对装配工况下和工作状况下的原轴瓦和再制造 轴瓦进行有限元分析，得出两种不同涂层材料轴瓦的变形图、等效应力图、接触面积图机车轴瓦再制造的可行性研究 II 和接触状态图，得出再制造后的轴瓦受力分析与新品轴瓦相差无异，再次证明了该复合 材料作为减磨涂层的可行性，这样使得大修期的更换轴瓦有了另一种简单回收再制造的 渠道，可大大降低资源浪费和人工成本的消耗。 关键词，再制造；轴瓦；摩擦磨损；复合材料；可行性分析 报告类型，应用研究兰州交通大学硕士学位报告 III Abstract The development of the national economy is closely related to the manufacturing industry, and the disposal of waste products is one of the difficult problems to be solved. In this case, the remanufacturing industry is applied in this situation, which not only solves the problem of the disposal of waste product parts but also saves the resources and protects the environment. Therefore, the remanufacturing industry is an emerging industry with international economic development and resource recycling. At the same time, the development of the national economy is closely related to the railway transport, and diesel locomotive is one of the indispensable power plants, such as in some cold and mountainous area, in the whole railway transport. Under normal working conditions, the bearing bush is the main friction pair of diesel locomotive engine, which is subjected to high non-stability load and is prone to wear and wear failure. The bearing bush is replaced during each major overhaul of the internal combustion engine. And if remanufacturing of the bearing bush and making full use of its value, it can save a lot of resources, and reduce labor and time of the new bearing manufacturing. In this paper, the remanufacturing bearing bush of internal combustion engine as the research object,The key engineering technology and process of bearing bush remanufacturing were further analyzed and chose the coating material needed for remanufacturing, In addition, the coating material, polyimide based composite, was prepared with the requirements of the performance of the bearing bush material, and the friction and wear properties were experimentally studied.And finally analyzes and calculates the theoretical basis, main structure and assembly parameters of the bearing bush. Finite element analysis was performed to demonstrate the feasibility of remanufacturing the coating material using polyimide-based composite materials as bearings. The main research contents and results of this paper are as follows. Firstly, the key engineering technologies for the remanufacturing of locomotive bearing bush and the remanufacturing process are elaborated and analyzed to verify the feasibility of the process flow.Next the process of remanufacturing bush were designed and the coating materials were selected. Secondly, the required coating materials for the bearing bush remanufacturing, Polyimide/Graphene (PI/GO) and Polyimide/Graphite (PI/GT) composite, were prepared by in-situ polymerization method. Their tribological properties such as friction coefficient and wear rate under different load and speed conditions were tested. The analysis of the results shows that the properties of these two composite coating materials are sufficient to meet the requirements of the wear-reducing coating materials for the bearing bush. Further, the surface机车轴瓦再制造的可行性研究 IV wear condition of the coating and the transfer film of the mating part were characterized and analyzed, and the mechanism of them was discussed, which can be the foundation for the application of the coating material as a remanufacturing anti-friction coating. Thirdly,the structure, working condition, failure mechanism analysis, lubrication film forming principle and bearing material performance requirements of the diesel locomotive bearing bush are introduced in detail. The assembling method of the bearing bush is explained and the assembly interference is calculated. Finally, the ABAQUS finite element analysis software was used to perform finite element analysis of original and remanufactured bearing bushes under assembly conditions and working conditions, and the deformation maps, equivalent stress diagrams, contact area diagrams and contact statuses of two different bushes were obtained. The results showed that the force analysis of remanufactured bearing bush was the same as the new bearing bushes, again demonstrating the feasibility of the composite material as a friction-reducing coating, so that replacement bushes in the overhaul period have another kind of simple recycling and remanufacturing way, which can greatly reduce the waste of resources and the consumption of labor costs. Key words: Remanufacturing; Bearing bush; Friction and wear; Composite materials; Feasibility analysis兰州交通大学硕士学位报告 V 目 录 摘要..................................................................................................................................... I Abstract.....................................................................................................................................III 目 录....................................................................................................................................V 1 绪论.........................................................................................................................................1 1.1 再制造工程的时代背景..............................................................................................1 1.2 再制造工程的概述......................................................................................................2 1.2.1 再制造工程的定义...........................................................................................2 1.2.2 再制造工程在产品全寿命周期中的地位.......................................................3 1.2.3 再制造与维修的区别.......................................................................................3 1.2.4 再制造工程的巨大意义..................................................................