摘要
煤炭产业作为蒙古国的支柱产业，对国家经济的持续、快速、健康发展起着非常重
要的作用。蒙古国煤炭资源丰富、土地广大，却人口稀少，致使该国对大量的煤炭资源
总体需求较低。每年开采的煤炭有半数以上面向出口，销往世界各地。即煤炭出口收入
成为国内总收入的重要组成部分。探究蒙古国煤炭出口所存在的问题并提出相应的政策
措施，有助于提高蒙古国煤炭出口的国际竞争力、增加煤炭资源出口对经济总体的贡献
基于规模经济理论、生产成本理论与产业链相关理论，本文首先剖析蒙古国经济发
展现状、煤炭出口对国民经济的影响与蒙古煤炭出口现状。继而，从对现状的剖析过程
中探究蒙古国煤炭出口所存在的问题：（1）蒙古国煤炭公司实力较弱；（2）蒙古国煤炭
开采和利用相关的技术落后，成本较高；（3）煤炭产业链性能差；（4）交通运输和贸易
环境较弱；（5）蒙中合作有待加强。结合该国家发展实际，分析了相关问题存在的原因
最后，基于该国家煤炭出口所存在的问题及原因分析，本文有针对的提出政策和措施如
下：（1）公司规模化经营；（2）引进先进技术和生产力；（3）提高煤炭产业链性能；（4）
加强基础设施建设和管理；（5）加强蒙中贸易合作
本文的创新点在于分析研究了蒙古国煤炭资源从煤炭开采到加工运输，再到贸易环
境各个生产经营环节中所存在的问题，较为全面地对蒙古国煤炭产业的发展现状进行探
析，并给出了相应的建议，为蒙古国相关政府部门采取决策提供参考和借鉴
关键字：蒙古国煤炭出口，国际竞争优势，企业规模经济，交通基础设施
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Abstract
As a pillar industry in Mongolia, the coal industry plays a very important role in the
sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy. Mongolia is rich in coal
resources, vast in land, and sparsely populated, resulting in a lower overall demand for a large
number of coal resources in the country. More than half of the coal mined each year is
exported to the rest of the world. That is, coal export revenue has become an important part of
the total domestic income. Exploring the problems existing in Mongolia's coal exports and
proposing corresponding policies and measures will help improve Mongolia's international
competitiveness in coal exports and increase the overall contribution of coal resources exports
to the economy.
Based on economies of scale theory, production cost theory and related theories of the
industry chain, this paper first analyzes the status quo of Mongolia's economic development,
the impact of coal exports on the national economy and the status of Mongolia's coal exports.
Then, from the analysis of the status quo, we have explored the problems in Mongolia's coal
exports: (1) Mongolia's coal companies are weak; (2) Mongolia's coal mining and utilization
related technologies are backward and costly; (3 ) The performance of the coal industry chain
is poor; (4) The transportation and trade environment is relatively weak; (5) Cooperation
between Mongolia and China needs to be strengthened. Based on the actual development of
the country, the reasons for the existence of relevant problems were analyzed. Finally, based
on the analysis of the problems and causes of the country's coal exports, the paper proposes
targeted policies and measures as follows: (1) large-scale operation of the company; (2)
introduction of advanced technologies and productivity; (3) improvement of coal industry
chain performance (4) Strengthen infrastructure construction and management; (5) Strengthen
Mongolia-China trade cooperation.
The innovation of this paper is to analyze and study the problems existing in Mongolia's
coal resources from coal mining to processing and transport, and then to the various
production and operation links in the trade environment, and to analyze the development
status of Mongolia's coal industry in a comprehensive manner. The corresponding
recommendations provide reference and reference for decision-making by relevant。