文本描述
摘 要
当今社会,反生产现象普遍存在于各类组织中,现代企业中频繁发生的反生
产现象更是学者和管理者共同关注的焦点。顾名思义,反生产行为有别于组织公
民行为等积极的工作行为,它对组织内的生产运作往往有负面的影响,严重时甚
至会对整个组织甚至社会造成难以挽回的危害。考虑到反生产行为的普遍性和负
面性,它已成为当前组织行为管理所面临的一项严峻挑战
目前学术领域关于领导风格与反生产行为的研究并不少见,但其中绝大多数
领导风格仅局限在西方领导风格,很少有中国本土化的领导风格对反生产行为影
响机制的研究。近年来工作价值观与员工生产行为的研究愈发成熟,然而作为调
节变量进入反生产行为的模型较少涉及。本文选取中国本土化的领导风格CPM
领导行为模式作为自变量、员工的工作价值观为调节变量研究对反生产行为的影
响机制,具有非常大的理论意义和实际意义
本文首先系统回顾了具有中国本土文化特色的CPM领导行为(品德绩效维
系理论)、反生产行为、工作价值观的相关文献,确定各变量相关维度,然后构
建了研究模型,探讨企业中管理者CPM领导行为对员工反生产行为的影响机制,
检验工作价值观在其中的调节效应。随后在成熟量表的基础上开发了本文的调查
问卷,并作出若干假设。对企事业单位的在职员工进行问卷调查,共收回233份
问卷,其中205份为有效问卷,在此基础上运用SPSS20.0开展实证研究,对假设
进行检验分析后提出相应的管理建议。主要研究结论有:
(1)不同工作年限的员工在反生产行为上存在显著差异;不同性别、年龄、
受教育程度、职位的员工在反生产行为上不存在显著差异
(2)CPM领导行为的三个维度C因素(个人品德)、P因素(目标达成)、
M因素(团体维系)对反生产行为均有显著的负向影响
(3)舒适和安全工作价值观对M因素(团体维系)与反生产行为的关系起
调节作用。当舒适和安全工作价值观处于高位时,M因素(团体维系)对反生产
行为的影响比舒适和安全工作价值观处于低位时明显增强;
能力和成长工作价值观对P因素(目标达成)与反生产行为的关系起调节作
用。当能力和成长工作价值观处于高位时,P因素(目标达成)对反生产行为的
影响比能力和成长工作价值观处于低位时明显增强;
能力和成长工作价值观对M因素(团体维系)与反生产行为的关系起调节作
用。当能力和成长工作价值观处于高位时,M因素(团体维系)对反生产行为的
影响比能力和成长工作价值观处于低位时明显增强;
独立和地位工作价值观对P因素(目标达成)与反生产行为的关系起调节作
用。当独立和地位工作价值观处于高位时,P因素(目标达成)对反生产行为的
影响比独立和地位工作价值观处于低位时明显增强;
独立和地位工作价值观对M因素(团体维系)与反生产行为的关系起调节作
用。当独立和地位工作价值观处于高位时,M因素(团体维系)对反生产行为的
影响比独立和地位工作价值观处于低位时明显增强
基于上述研究结论,提出如下管理建议:在管理者的选拨和测评方面,应该
坚持“德才兼备”的理念,并且从个人品德、目标达成和团体维系等具体方面培
养管理者的领导能力和素质,从而提高管理水平,抑制或减轻反生产行为的发生;
加强人员筛选,避免反生产行为倾向强烈的人员进入组织,同时不忘关注员工工
作价值观的差异,在招聘与配置中要注重对工作价值观进行考核,在员工入职后
要加强对于员工心理各方面的培训与建设;关注员工工作价值观,满足员工的心
理诉求,对于不同工作价值观的员工有针对性地采取措施以满足员工对于舒适和
安全、能力和成长、独立和地位的需要
关键词:管理者;CPM领导型;反生产行为;工作价值观
ABSTRACT
In recent society, counterproductive work behavior (CWB) prevails in all kinds of
organizations. And CWB happens frequently which has been the focus of common
concern of scholars and managers. As the name implies, CWB is different from the
positive behavior such as organizational citizenship behavior. It often has a negative
impact on the production and operation within the organization. In severe cases, it can
even cause irreparable harm to the entire organization and even to society. Considering
the universality and negativeness of CWB, it has become a serious challenge to the
current organizational behavior management.
At present, the study on leadership style and CWB is not uncommon in the
academic field, but most of the leadership styles are limited to the western leadership
style, and there are few studies on the influence mechanism of China's localized
leadership style on CWB. In recent years, research on work values and employees'
production behavior has become more and more mature. However, the model of
moderating variables into CWB is less involved. This paper chooses China's local
leadership CPM leadership as the antecedent variable and the employee's work values
as the moderating variable to study the impact on CWB , which is of great
significance.
In my paper, firstly, I reviewed systematically the relevant literature of CPM
leadership behavior (character performance maintenance theory), CWB and work
values and determined the relevant dimensions of each variable, and then built a
research model to explore how CPM leaders in the enterprise affect employees’ CWB
and test the moderating effect of work value. Then based on the maturity scale, I
developed the questionnaire and made some assumptions. A total of 233 questionnaires
were collected, of which 205 were valid questionnaires. Based on this, an empirical
study was conducted using SPSS 20.0, and the hypotheses were tested and analyzed to
put forward corresponding management suggestions. The main conclusions are:
(1) There are significant differences in CWB with different length of employment.
There are no significant differences in CWB of different gender, age education or
position.
(2) C(Character), P(Performance), M(Maintenance) all have significant negative。