汽车制造业是全世界体量最大的制造行业。中国汽车行业起步虽然慢，但发展迅速， 已经成为世界第一汽车产销大国。竞争巨头纷纷涌入中国市场，加紧争夺这块蛋糕。在 如此激烈竞争的市场环境下，整车厂进行的业务外包，让上游供应链企业专心为其控制 制造成本，从而获取更大利润的重要手段之一。CH 公司是为整车厂提供变速箱零部件 的上游制造企业，低成本战略则是其存在的主要使命。 在 2005 年，CH 公司成立之初，中国劳务费成本还相当低廉，其低成本战略则是采 用劳动密集的制造方式。随着近十年来中国劳务成本的飞速增长，给劳动密集型的制造 企业带来了巨大的成本负担。CH 公司的低成本战略不得不转变为通过制造升级来提高 人员效率。 由于温室效应带来的影响，各国分分出台汽车政策，让市场更倾向于节能环保型的 新能源汽车，然而新能源技术还不太成熟。汽车行业处在转型期，但何时才算进入新能 源时代，目前还没有明确的时间表。然而 CH 公司制造升级是需要投入巨额资金的，在 行业的转型期，这样的投资又存在极大的风险性。CH 公司的低成本战略应该采用何种 运营模式，能更有效的控制和缓解正在被劳务费上涨所蚕食的利润空间，为企业在行业 转型期间获取更大的收益。 本商业计划书，通过理解企业战略管理理论的基础上，分析了 CH 公司的内外部环 境﹑运营体系的主要制造流程﹑关键领域的制造存在人员效率低与其低成本战略相违 背的问题。文中从公司中长期生产计划中识别出产品更新换代的变化﹑人员变动需求和 生产需求等情况，提出制造升级应该拆分成多个小项目，结合目标客户的需求变化以及 公司内情况变化分阶段分析再投入的保守型制造升级方案。 本文通过研究 CH 公司低成本战略在劳务费不断上涨的环境与行业正在转型的情况 下，企业制造升级中遇到的困惑，提出和验证解决方案，希望能给类似问题的分析和解 决提供一些借鉴。 关键词，汽车零部件；制造升级；精益生产；商业计划书II Abstract The automobile manufacturing industry is the largest manufacturing industry in the world. Although the Chinese auto industry started slowly, it has developed rapidly and has become the world's largest automobile production and sales country. Competition giants have poured into the Chinese market and stepped up competition for this piece of cake. Ah, such a fiercely competitive market environment, the outsourcing of business by OEMs is one of the important means for the upstream supply chain to concentrate on controlling manufacturing costs and gain greater profits. CH Corporation is an upstream manufacturing company that provides gearbox components for automakers. The low-cost strategy is its main mission. In 2005, at the beginning of the establishment of CH, the cost of labor services in China was still quite low, and its low-cost strategy was to use labor-intensive manufacturing methods. With the rapid increase in the cost of labor services in China in the past ten years, it has brought a huge cost burden to labor-intensive manufacturing companies. CH's low-cost strategy has to be transformed to increase staff efficiency through manufacturing upgrades. Due to the influence of the greenhouse effect, various countries have introduced car policies in different points, making the market more inclined to energy-saving and environmentally friendly new energy vehicles. However, new energy technologies are not yet mature. The automotive industry is in transition, but when it comes to entering the era of new energy, there is no clear timetable. However, CH companies need to invest a huge amount of money to make upgrades. In the transition period of the industry, such investments are extremely risky. CH's low-cost strategy should adopt an operating model that can more effectively control and mitigate the profit margins that are being eroded by rising labor costs, and provide companies with greater benefits during industrial transformation. This business plan analyzes the company's internal and external environment, the main manufacturing process of the operating system, and the problem of the low efficiency of manufacturing in key areas and its low-cost strategy. . Identify changes in product replacement and replacement, changes in personnel requirements, and production requirements from the mid- and long-term production plans of the company. It is proposed that manufacturing upgrades should be split into multiple small projects, combined with a phased analysis of the internal and external environmental changes of the company and conservative input. Manufacturing upgrade program. In this paper, by studying the CH company's low-cost strategy in the environment of rising labor costs and the industry is undergoing a transformation, companies need to beIII confused about manufacturing upgrades, propose and verify solutions, hoping to provide some lessons for the analysis and solution of similar issues. Key words，Auto parts; Manufacturing upgrade; Lean; Business PlanIV 目 录 摘要...........................................................................................................................................I Abstract ......................................................................................................................................II 图表清单.................................................................................................................................VII 第一章 绪论..............................................................................................................................1 1.1 选题背景及意义 ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 选题背景 ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 研究目的及意义....................................................................................................... 3 1.2 文献综述 ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 报告研究的内容及方法 ................................................................................................. 5 1.3.1 报告研究的内容....................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 报告研究思路与方法............................................................................................... 5 第二章 CH 变速箱公司与项目概述 .......................................................................................6 2.1 CH 公司成立的背景和整体战略.................................................................................... 6 2.2 CH 公司价值链分析与制造活动的战略地位................................................................ 7 2.3 CH 公司制造升级项目背景概述.................................................................................... 9 2.3.1 制造活动的发展历史与现状................................................................................... 9 2.3.2 存在的问题与项目的必要性................................................................................. 10 2.4 本章小结 ....................................................................................................................... 11 第三章 项目的环境因素分析................................................................................................ 12 3.1 PEST 分析 ...................................................................................................................... 12 3.2 变速箱与变速箱制造 ................................................................................................... 15 3.2.1 汽车市场的趋势..................................................................................................... 15 3.2.2 变速箱及其上下游产业链..................................................................................... 17 3.2.3 变速箱制造的发展现状......................................................................................... 18 3.3 变速箱制造的行业分析 ............................................................................................... 19 3.3.1 变速箱制造的行业结构分析................................................................................. 19 3.3.2 变速箱制造行业的市场分析..........................................................