文本描述
摘要
随着国际化进程的加快,经济全球化背景下,企业走出国门,开展对外直接
投资为企业进一步发展,拓宽市场带来了机遇,同时也面临着诸多挑战。国际环
境复杂多变,且难以预测,企业需要相应的能力以应对这种情境所带来的风险
因此,企业不仅要将外界市场环境因素考虑在内,还需结合自身特征与能力去制
定企业的经营发展战略决策。企业决策离不开公司治理,而当前中国的上市公司
中大股东掌权,控制公司的现象较为常见,大股东与持股较小的股东间的争议问
题便成为企业治理主要问题,股权集中度体现了持股的集中程度,机构持股人作
为中小股东的发言人,关注其自身立场下的相关权益,因而本文所指公司治理是
指大股东持股集中程度和机构投资人持股;此外,实施企业决策离不开其他物资
的支持,冗余资源被认为是公司在多种情境下的“缓冲器”,能够帮助公司去外
界市场经济情况的更替,为了更高效合理地厘清公司治理和冗余在公司OFDI过
程中的作用,本文从三个视角去区分OFDI进行研究,分别是是否进行OFDI、
OFDI量为多少、OFDI类型选择,详细阐释“公司治理、冗余资源和OFDI之间存
在的相关关系”这一核心问题。具体而言,文章首先整理了企业OFDI相关决定
性因素研究现状,重点分析了涉及股权聚集程度、机构投资人持股比例,以及冗
余资源的相关研究;其次,文章以在中国上交所、深交所A股上市的企业作为实
证研究的对象,分别针对三个阶段进行实证分析。在是否对外直接投资决策阶段,
采用Probit模型进行实证探究,验证股权集中度、机构投资人股权持有占比和
冗余资源对公司是否进行OFDI的影响程度。在企业对外直接投资量的决策阶段,
运用负二项回归分析模型研究股权集中度、机构投资者持股比例及冗余资源对
企业对外直接投资量的影响,并探讨冗余资源的调节效应。进一步,本文基于价
值链对OFDI进行分类,分析股权集中度、机构投资人股权持有占比、冗余资源
对企业OFDI类型选择的影响。最终得出如下结论:第一:股权的聚集程度与企
业是否进行OFDI和OFDI量的决策均成倒“U”型的关系;第二:机构投资人股
权持有均能正向影响公司的OFDI倾向和OFDI量;第三:沉淀性和非沉淀性的冗
余资源均能够显著提升企业的OFDI倾向,促使企业对外直接投资;第四:在公
II
司OFDI量决策过程中,沉淀性冗余表现出显著负向直接影响;而非沉淀性冗余
资源主要体现出显著的调节效应,它能够负向调节股权集中度与OFDI量的倒“U”
型关系;第五:股权高度集中或高度分散,以及机构投资人股权持有占比较高的
企业,更倾向于选择贸易销售型OFDI,而沉淀性冗余越多的公司,更倾向于选
择研发加工型OFDI。此外,本文研究发现制度距离、华人网络、投资经验等能
在一定程度上促使企业扩大对外直接投资。最后,针对本文实证结论,从国家和
企业的角度提出政策上的相关建议,以促使企业更好地进行OFDI,即国家应该
适当缩减、放宽融资条件,并鼓励非国有性质的企业到海外进行OFDI;同时,
企业应结合自身特征,充分考虑相关因素,合理进行决策,避免盲目投资。不同
于以往宏观层面的研究,本文创新性地将公司治理、组织冗余问题纳入企业对外
直接投资决策之中,进一步完善了企业对外直接投资理论
关键词:对外直接投资股权集中度机构投资者持股比例冗余资源负二
项回归模型Probit模型
III
Abstract
With the development of the world economy, outward foreign direct
investment has become more and more prominent in China's economic
development and national strategy. By the end of 2016, China became the world's
second largest foreign direct investment country again, whose Outward foreign
direct investment reached a record high. But the international environment is
complex and unpredictable, companies need to be able to cope with the risks posed
by this situation. Therefore, when companies decide OFDI, in addition to
considering external factors, they also need to consider their own characteristics
and abilities. Corporate governance is necessary for enterprise to make decision,
but the problem of a single big one is widely exist in China listed company, the
interests of big shareholders and minority shareholders are the main problems of
corporate governance. Equity concentration represents the concentration of the the
shareholding of large shareholders, and institutional investors, as spokespersons
for minority shareholders, represent the interests of minority shareholders, so the
corporate governance in this paper mainly refers to the concentration degree of
equity and the shareholding of institutional investors. Besides, the implementation
of enterprise decision cannot be carried out without the support of enterprise
resources. Redundant resources are considered to be the buffer of enterprises,
which can help enterprises cope with changes in the environment. In order to better
clarify the role of corporate governance and redundant resources in the outward
direct investment of enterprises, This article divides OFDI decision in three phases,
namely OFDI or not, the amount of OFDI and the modes of outward direct
investment, detailing the core issues “the relations of the corporate governance, the
redundant resources and enterprises’ OFDI “, through concept definition,
theoretical review, literature review, statistical analysis, empirical results analysis
and discussion, and practical revelation. In particular, firstly, this paper
summarizes the research status of influencing factors of outward foreign direct
investment in enterprises, then, focuses on the research review of equity
concentration, institutional investors' shareholding ratio and redundant resources.。