CopyrightMcKinsey & Company 2018 Since its founding in 1990, the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) has sought to develop adeeper understanding of the evolving global economy. As the business and economicsresearch arm of McKinsey & Company, MGI aims to provide leaders in the commercial,public, and social sectors with the facts and insights on which to base management andpolicy decisions.MGI research combines the disciplines of economics and management, employing theanalytical tools of economics with the insights of business leaders. Our “micro-to-macro”methodology examines microeconomic industry trends to better understand the broadmacroeconomic forces affecting business strategy and public policy. MGI’s in-depth reportshave covered more than 20 countries and 30 industries. Current research focuses on sixthemes: productivity and growth, natural resources, labour markets, the evolution of globalfnancial markets, the economic impact of technology and innovation, and urbanisation.Recent reports have assessed the digital economy, the impact of AI and automation onemployment, income inequality, the productivity puzzle, the economic benefts of tacklinggender inequality, a new era of global competition, Chinese innovation, and digital andfnancial globalisation.MGI is led by three McKinsey & Company senior partners: Jacques Bughin, JonathanWoetzel, and James Manyika, who also serves as the chairman of MGI. Michael Chui,Susan Lund, Anu Madgavkar, Jan Mischke, Sree Ramaswamy, and Jaana Remes are MGIpartners, and Mekala Krishnan and Jeongmin Seong are MGI senior fellows. Project teams are led by the MGI partners and a group of senior fellows, and includeconsultants from McKinsey offces around the world. These teams draw on McKinsey’sglobal network of partners and industry and management experts. Advice and input to MGIresearch are provided by the MGI Council, members of which are also involved in MGI’sresearch. MGI Council members are drawn from around the world and from various sectorsand include Andrs Cadena, Sandrine Devillard, Richard Dobbs, Tarek Elmasry, Katy George, Rajat Gupta, Eric Hazan, Eric Labaye, Acha Leke, Scott Nyquist, Gary Pinkus,Sven Smit, Oliver Tonby, and Eckart Windhagen. In addition, leading economists, includingNobel laureates, act as research advisers to MGI research. The partners of McKinsey fund MGI’s research; it is not commissioned by any business,government, or other institution. For further information about MGI and to download reports,please visit mckinsey/mgi.Jonathan Woetzel | Shanghai Anu Madgavkar | Mumbai Kevin Sneader | Hong KongOliver Tonby | SingaporeDiaan-Yi Lin | SingaporeJohn Lydon | Sydney Sha Sha | Hong KongMekala Krishnan | BostonKweilin Ellingrud | MinneapolisMichael Gubieski | MelbourneTHE POWER OF PARITY:ADVANCING WOMEN’SEQUALITY IN ASIA PACIFIC PREFACEAdvancing women’s equality in work and societyrepresents one of the most sizable economic opportunitiesfor the world. McKinsey & Company has been researching,publishing, and helping shape action on gender diversityfor more than a decade, and the McKinsey Global Institute(MGI) has contributed to this important issue with itsresearch series on the “power of parity”.In September 2015, MGI published a global report, The power of parity: How advancing women’s equalitycan add $12 trillion to global growth . Since then, we haveissued reports on the power of parity in Canada, India, theUnited Kingdom, the United States, and Western Europe,as well as research on what it will take to deliver genderparity globally. In this report, MGI explores the challengeof gender inequality in Asia Pacifc, one of the mosteconomically dynamic regions in the world, and an engineof global growth.This research was led by Jonathan Woetzel, a director ofMGI and senior partner of McKinsey, based in Shanghai;Anu Madgavkar, an MGI partner based in Mumbai; Kweilin Ellingrud, a partner based in Minneapolis; andMekala Krishnan, an MGI senior fellow based in Boston,along with Kevin Sneader, chairman of McKinsey’s offcesin the Asia Pacifc region, and McKinsey senior partnersJohn Lydon in Sydney, Sha Sha in Hong Kong, OliverTonby in Singapore, and Diaan-Yi Lin in Singapore. MichaelGubieski, a consultant in Melbourne, led the working team,which comprised Alice Hudson, Nigel Lee, James Oliver,Catherine Peralta, and Phillippa Radford. We are gratefulto a number of McKinsey colleagues who were closelyinvolved in this research and provided invaluable insightinto the seven countries highlighted in the report. Theyare Rishi Arora, Anders Brlund, Jules Carrigan, JennyCermak, Kaushik Das, Namrata Dubashi, Emma Dudley,Ellen Feehan, Vidhya Ganesan, Guillaume de Gantès, RajatGupta, Shishir Gupta, Rachel Howard, Corinne Johnson,Peter Kenevan, Nick Leung, Guang Li, Suraj Moraje, JoeNgai, Tracy Nowski, Vivek Pandit, Kristine Romano, YukikoSakai, Miki Sarumaru, Himanshu Satija, Jeongmin Seong,Tanya Sharma, Ben Vatterott, Jin Wang, Kenji Watatani,Phillia Wibowo, Naomi Yamakawa, and Fadhilah Zamawi.We are grateful to the academic advisers who helpedshape this research and provided challenge and insights and guidance: Laura Tyson, professor of business administration and economics and directorof the Institute for Business and Social Impact, HaasBusiness and Public Policy Group, University of Californiaat Berkeley; and Rakesh Mohan, senior fellow at theJackson Institute for Global Affairs at Yale University anddistinguished fellow at Brookings India. We are also gratefulto the adviserswho have worked with us regularly on our“power of parity” series, namely Jeni Klugman, fellow,Kennedy School of Governments Public policy Program,Harvard University, and managing director, GeorgetownInstitute for Women Peace and Security; and HenriettaKolb, head of the Gender Secretariat, InternationalFinance Corporation. This report would not have been possible without theexpert input, advice, and help of numerous leadingvoices on these issues. We would like to thank GeorgetteTan Adamopoulos, group head, communications, AsiaPacifc, Mastercard Worldwide; Willem Adema, senioreconomist, Organisation for Economic Co-operationand Development; Vasuta Agarwal, vice presidentand general manager, India, InMobi; Alison Aggarwal,director, Women’s Economic Security, Offce for Women;Amelia Agrawal, Asia partner and channel marketingdirector, Microsoft; Stevia Angesty, co-founder, Feel WellCeramics; Patricia Apps, professor of public economics,University of Sydney Law School; Alice Au, board member,Spencer Stuart; Natalie Au, formerly of the Council onForeign Relations; Marian Baird, professor of gender andemployment relations, University of Sydney BusinessSchool; Jennifer Baxter, senior research fellow, AustralianInstitute of Family Studies; Daiana Beitler, philanthropiesdirector for Greater Asia and the Pacifc, Microsoft;Analisa Belares, CEO, Womensphere; Deborah Brennan,professor, University of New South Wales; ElizabethBroderick, former sex discrimination commissioner(2007–15), Australian Human Rights Commission,convenor and founder of Male Champions of Change,and special rapporteur, Working Group on DiscriminationAgainst Women, UN Human Rights Council; DoreenBuettner, programme specialist, UN Women Indonesia;Avic Caparas, associate professor, University of Asia andthe Pacifc; Melinda Cilento, chief executive, Committeefor Economic Development of Australia; Ryce Chanchai,programme specialist, UN Women; Tania Coltman, deputychief of staff to the Minister for Women, Australia; DeepaDas, independent programme development professional,UNICEF India; Sharon G. Dayoan, vice chairman andhead of audit, KPMG, Philippines, and founding member,Filipina CEO Circle; Xiao-yuan Dong, professor, Universityof Winnipeg; Helen Duce, leader, Lean In Singapore;Kathryn Fagg, board member, Reserve Bank of Australia,。。。。。。