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Originally associated with musicians playing periodic “gigs”
with no consistent work, the “gig economy” refers to a growing
segment of the labor market where employment is outside a
traditional full-time or part-time model, usually in a freelance
capacity. The gig economy is being fueled by technology, which
has facilitated the mobility of employees. With computing,
smartphones, apps, and online payment options, employees
have the ability to market themselves, execute work, and
receive payment, all without the constraints of an ofce or
traditional job site.Participation in the gig economy may be
the result of necessity or it may be a choice. Whether it is
the unavailability of work in the traditional job market for those
recently educated or between jobs, or a lack of interest in
traditional employment, there are almost endless gig options
to fll the gaps.
The latest iteration of the Marketplace-Edison Research poll, a
regular series of surveys that measures how the U.S. population
feels about their personal economy in the landscape of the
larger economy, fnds that almost one-quarter of Americans
age 18+ are employed in some way in the gig economy.
The survey uses a national sample of the United States
population age 18 and older. There were 1,044 interviews
conducted via landline phone, cell phone, and online. Interviews
were conducted from February 14, 2018 to February 20, 2018.
This is the frst time that the Marketplace-Edison Research
poll has included questions about earning money through the
gig economy.
THE GIG ECONOMY
1 | Edison Research | Marketplace
Gig employment may include:
Driving for car services such as Uber or Lyft
Selling products or services on sites such as Etsy or eBay,
Working as a freelance writer, web designer or musician
Working for pay apps such as TaskRabbit
Selling products such as Mary Kay or Pampered Chef
Renting space in your personal home with sites such as Airbnb
Any one-time, tasked-based job
With gig jobs afecting such a large portion of the population, and with some of these employment
options being relatively new to the American workforce, it is important to understand who these
gig workers are and how they feel about their fnancial situation. Also, because we know economic
outlook is an infuencing factor as voters go to the polls, understanding how gig workers view the
economy is information that may prove vital in an election year.
Gig work may be the primary source of income or a secondary source of income. As our data
shows, those who earn their primary income through work in the gig economy have diferent
characteristics and diferent anxiety levels from those who participate in the gig economy only as
a secondary source of income.When one earns a primary income through the gig economy, he
or she is more likely to have high anxiety levels, fear unexpected expenses, and feel fnancially
insecure.
For 44% of gig workers, their work in the gig economy is their primary source of income.
For over half of age 18-34 gig workers (53%), their gig job is their primary source of income.
Gig workers are vastly more likely to have a high Anxiety Index score than those in traditional
employment, and gig workers who have gig jobs as their primary source of income are even
more likely to have high Anxiety Index scores.
80% of gig employees whose gig work is their primary source of income say that an unexpected
expense of $1,000 would be difcult to pay.
85% of gig employees whose gig work is their primary source of income say they worry about
how an economic recession in the U.S. would afect them.
Persons age 18-34 are more likely to work within the gig economy (38%) versus those age
35-54 (25%) or age 55+ (11%).
24%
of Americans 18+ earn income by working in the gig economy
2 | Edison Research | Marketplace
THE GIG ECONOMY
Twenty-four percent of adults 18+
earn money through working in the
gig economy. Men are more likely
to be gig workers than women, with
31% of men saying they earn money
in the gig economy. Eighteen percent
of women also say they earn money
through the gig economy.
3 | Edison Research | Marketplace
THE GIG ECONOMY
Men (31%) are more likely than women (18%) to be employed in the gig economy.
Women (56%) are more likely to have a gig job as secondary income than men (51%)
For over half of African-American gig workers (55%), their gig job is their primary source of
income.
51% of gig workers say they work harder for their income than those in traditional jobs.
Gig employees are more
likely to be young, with
38% of 18-34 year olds
being part of the gig
economy.
Twenty-fve percent of adults age
35-54 are gig workers, and 11% of
those age 55+ have gig jobs. The
age composition of those in the
gig economy can be the result of
a combination of factors. Students
are likely to be looking for jobs that
can allow them to work and still
attend classes, recent graduates
may not be established in the
traditional job market, younger
people may be more open to
gig work that involves apps or
technology, or they may have
fewer family ties and are freer to
travel for gig work.。。。