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I
摘要
过去国民经济保持较高速的增长，通过银行向社会投放了 4 万亿资金刺激经
济发展，企业通过银行信贷资金进行规模扩张，部分行业产能过剩，企业杠杆率
高。伴随着国民经济增速放缓，产业结构转型升级，我国经济进入新常态。在国
民经济新常态的背景下，泡沫化、高杠杆的各类经济风险逐步显现，去库存、去
产能的经济转型升级加速了风险暴露。风险在各个经济主体之间相互传导，企业
经营困难，无法按时偿还银行贷款，致使银行产生了大量的逾期贷款。银行采取
了展期、借新还旧等措施延缓了一部分信贷资金进入不良，另一部分逾期贷款进
入不良形态。银行的信贷资产存在不良贷款增长率高，存量信贷资金潜在风险较
大，表外业务风险显现的问题。中国农业银行是我国四大国有商业银行之一，在
经济新常态的背景下，中国农业银行不良贷款存量余额较高，并且不良贷款增速
较快，不良贷款压降压力较大。为此，查阅了中国农业银行历年的年报，通过对
比分析其他国有商业银行的业务数据，分析中国农业银行历年不良贷款趋势，对
公信贷主要投放于传统五大行业，并且西部地区不良贷款“双升”态势较为明显

根据农业银行的信贷业务特征，结合宏观经济发展分析不良贷款形成的原因：一
方面受到经济下行影响，产能过剩、高杠杆风险暴露，企业生产经营困难，未能
偿还银行贷款本息。另一方面银行内部管理有待加强，外部伪造虚假资料骗取银
行贷款，债务难以落实。信贷投放粗放式管理，责任落实不到位，缺乏有力的催
收措施。新形成的不良贷款急剧增加，存量不良贷款处置不力，使中国农业银行
不良贷款面临不良贷款余额基础大，不良贷款新增速度快的局面

为压降银行的不良贷款，一方面银行需加强对存量信贷资金管理，对正常、
关注类贷款加强管理，及时采取措施化解风险，防范产生新的不良贷款；另一方
面通过核销、证券化、行司转让等方式压降不良贷款。然而银行在处置不良贷款
时，时间周期长、处置效率低下，未能有效降低不良贷款。通过司法诉讼清收不
良贷款，司法流程复杂、耗时长，且在财产执行环节方式单一、执行不力，清收
效果不佳。部分银行债务难以落实，未能得到有效处置，长期占用经济资本增加
值。通过行司转让的不良贷款银行定价能力不强，成交价格低于市场公允价值，
不良贷款收回率低下。不良贷款处置方式创新能力不足，缺乏相关配套法律支持，摘要
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II
政府参与不良贷款处置不够

查阅国内外关于商业银行不良贷款处置文献,根据近年国家出台的相关政策
及中央关于防范金融风险的精神。总结近年来国内外理论界在商业银行不良贷款
防控方面提出的主要观点和理论。根据中国农业银行不良贷款处置现状，既要防
范不良贷款新增，又要加强不良贷款处置，同时政府应加强社会信用体系建设，
完善配套司法实践。不良贷款处置要运用传统处置模式：核销、行司合作等方式
处置长期损失类不良贷款，创新不良贷款处置模式，探索开展以证券化、债转股
的方式处置预期收回率高的不良贷款，提高不良贷款综合收回率

关键字:中国农业银行；不良贷款；处置；建议Abstract
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III
Abstract
In the past the national economy maintained a rapid growth, the bank invested 4
trillion to social funds to stimulate economic development, enterprise expansion
through the bank credit funds, overcapacity in some industries, companies with high
leverage. With the slowdown of national economy, the transformation and upgrading
of industrial structure, China&39;s economy has entered a new normal. In the context of
the new normal national economy, the bubble, high leverage various types of
economic risks gradually appear, destocking, to the production of economic
transformation and upgrading, accelerated risk exposure.The risks are transmitted
among the various economic entities, and the enterprises are difficult to operate and
can not repay the bank loans on time, resulting in a large amount of overdue
loans.The bank has adopted some measures, such as extending the period, borrowing
new loans and returning the old ones, delaying the entrance of some of the credit
funds into bad form, and another part of the overdue loans entering bad forms.The
credit assets of banks have a high growth rate of non-performing loans, the potential
risks of the stock credit funds are larger, and the risks of off balance sheet business
appear.Agricultural Bank of China is one of the four major state-owned commercial
banks in China,in the context of the new normal economy, the balance of
non-performing loans of Agricultural Bank of China is higher, and the growth rate of
non-performing loans is faster, and the pressure of bad loans is greater.Therefore,
access to the annual report of the Agricultural Bank of Chinese over the years,
business data analysis and other state-owned commercial banks by comparison,
analysis of agricultural bank non-performing loans over the years China trend, focus
on the five traditional industries, and the western region of bad loans double up trend
is more obvious.According to the credit business characteristics of Agricultural Bank,
combined with macroeconomic development, analysis of the reasons for the
formation of non-performing loans.On the one hand, affected by the economicAbstract
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IV
downturn, overcapacity, high leverage exposure, the enterprise production and
operation difficulties, failed to repay the principal and interest of bank loans.On the
other hand, the internal management of banks needs to be strengthened, and outside
forgery of false data to defraud bank loans is difficult to implement. Extensive credit
management, the implementation of the responsibility is not in place, the lack of
effective collection measures.Extensive credit management, the implementation of the
responsibility is not in place, the lack of effective collection measures. The newly
formed non-performing loans have increased rapidly, and the disposal of the stock
non-performing loans has been adversely affected. The non-performing loans of the
Agricultural Bank of China have been faced with a large base of non-performing
loans and the rapid growth of non-performing loans.
The pressure drop of the bank&39;s non-performing loans, a bank need to strengthen
the management of the stock of credit funds, in normal, interest loans taken to resolve
the risk prevention measures to create new bad loans; on the other hand, through the
verification of securitization, our means of transfer of non-performing loans
drop.However, when dealing with bad loans, banks have a long time cycle and
inefficient disposal, and can not effectively reduce non-performing loans.Through the
judicial litigation recovery of non-performing loans, the judicial process is complex
and time-consuming, and the property aspects of the implementation of single mode,
poor implementation, poor recovery effect.Some of the bank debt difficult to
implement, failed to be effectively disposed of, long-term use of economic capital
added value.Through bad loans granted by the company, the bank&39;s pricing power is
not strong, the transaction price is lower than the fair value of the market, and the
recovery rate of non-performing loans is low.The lack of innovative capacity of
non-performing loans, lack of related legal support, inadequate government
participation in non-performing loans.
Referring to the domestic and foreign documents on the disposal of
non-performing loans of commercial banks, according to the relevant policies
promulgated by the state in recent years and the spirit of the Central Committee on the
prevention of financial risks.This paper summarizes the main viewpoints and theoriesAbstract
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V
put forward by the domestic and foreign theorists in the prevention and control of
non-performing loans in commercia