本文从泉州市城镇企业职工养老保险统筹账户和个人账户两个方面入手,
分别进行了研究分析。在专家的测算理论基础上,对劳动力、参保率、城镇化
率、人口预期寿命等变量一一假设,并通过泉州市实际数据对相关变量假设进
行调整,构建了适合的泉州市城镇企业职工养老保险需求和供给模型,以此测
算泉州市城镇企业职工养老保险基金未来的收支缺口情况
本文通过研究得出,在现行的退休制度和养老保险制度基础上,泉州市城
镇企业职工养老保险基金自 2023 年起收不抵支,且养老保险基金缺口规模逐年
增加,给本级财政造成巨大负担。转制成本、隐性债务、人口老龄化、退休制
度与养老保险制度风险等是泉州市城镇企业职工养老保险形成收支缺口的主要
原因。以市级管理的视角出发,泉州市可以从减少养老保险金冒领损失、扩大
养老保险覆盖面、发展生育和养老相关配套设施方面来弥补城镇企业职工养老
保险基金缺口
关键词:养老保险基金 缺口 测算III
Abstract
In last few years, population is aged appeared the trend that speed accelerates, the
gap of pension fund has become an international difficult problem.The pension fund
for urban workers in China also has a huge hidden debt. Quanzhou is one of the big
city inFujian Province, it has a good economic base, now balance of the pension fund
for urban workers in good condition, but Quanzhou is also confronted with enormous
challenges from aging of population, the pension fund for urban workers in Quanzhou
will face a huge gap in the future. Unified basic old-age insurance at the provincial
level, Fujian follow the principle of “approved base, quota payment, sharing in excess
revenue, cost sharing”, the pension fund for urban workers in Quanzhou will not
balance , the government from financial pressure will more and more serious. At the
same time, in recent years the pension fund’s banlance for urban workers in
Quanzhou constitute about (except for the xiamen special economic zone) more than
50 percent of the total account, it make up the gap of pension fund for urban worker
in other city. If the pension fund gap for urban workers in Quanzhou appears, it will
seriously affect the solvency of the pension fund for urban workers in Fujian.
Therefore, it is necessary to study on the gap of the pension fund for urban woekers in
Quanzhou.
In this paper, I used the formula to calculate the pension fund gap for urban
workers in Quanzhou both social mutual assistance programs and personal accounts. I
based my analysis on a calculation model of some experts, the calculation model
includes a large number of variables, such as labour force, insurance rate,
urbanization rate, the average life expectancy. And the calculation model was tested
and adjusted with experimental data. In this way, I sets up a reasonable calculation
model to calculate the pension fund gap for urban workers in Quanzhou.
In this paper, calculated property of the calculation model has been studied. on the
basis of the present system, the pension fund for urban workers in Quanzhou will not
balance from 2023, and the pension fund gap scale increased year by year, the
government will face with the severe financial burden. The main reasons for the
pension fund gap in Quanzhou includes system transformation cost, recessive debt ,IV
population aging, retirement system, endowment insurance system and so on. It is
high time to consider the problem on a grass-roots scale, the Quanzhou government
should adopt a variety of measures to gradually ease the imbalance in the pension
fund, like reduce the pension impersonator, extend coverage basic life insurance in
society, step up the development of infrastructure for geracomium and maternity
hotels.
Keywords:the pension fund gap calculateV
目 录
第 1 章 绪论
...... 1
1.1 研究背景及选题意义.....1
1.2 文献综述...3
1.2.1 国外研究现状综述 ..3
1.2.2 国内研究现状综述 ..4
1.3 研究内容与方法 ..........4
1.3.1 研究内容...........4
1.3.2 研究方法...........5
1.4 创新点.....5
第 2 章 关键概念和相关理论基础 ...... 7
2.1 关键概念...7
2.1.1 养老保险制度 .....7
2.1.2 养老保险基金缺口 .7
2.2 相关理论基础...........8
2.2.1 生命周期理论 .....8
2.2.2 精算学理论 .......8
2.3 本章小结....9
第 3 章 泉州市城镇企业职工养老保险基金缺口分析与测算 .... 10
3.1 泉州市城镇企业职工养老保险现状....10
3.2 泉州市城镇企业职工养老保险基金统筹账户缺口测算12
3.2.1 测算相关变量假设 12
3.2.2 测算结果 ........18
3.3 泉州市城镇企业职工养老保险基金个人账户缺口分析21
3.4 本章小结..23VI
第 4 章 泉州市城镇企业职工养老保险缺口原因分析 ........... 24
4.1 隐性债务与转制成本....24
4.2 退休制度与养老保险制度风险........26
4.3 人口老龄化28
4.4 虚名冒领养老金行为....31
4.5 养老保险参保覆盖面低..32
第 5 章 泉州市弥补城镇企业职工养老保险基金缺口的建议 .... 35
5.1 减少养老保险金冒领损失35
5.2 扩大养老保险覆盖面,提高养老保险参保基数......36
5.2.1 提高城镇企业职工参保率 ......36
5.2.2 提高流动人口参保率 ..........37
5.2.3 提高养老保险参保基数 ........38
5.3 发展生育、养老相关配套设施........39
第 6 章 结论 ......41
参考文献 ..........43
致 谢 45
个人简历、在学期间发表的学术论文与研究成果 461
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究背景及选题意义
养老保险制度本质上是一种再分配制度,兼顾社会公平与效率,维护社会
稳定和安全。随着经济社会发展、人口寿命不断延长、人口出生率持续走低、
老龄化速度加快、历史原因等问题的影响,养老保险制度成为全球多数国家关
注的重点,养老保险基金缺口问题成为世界范围的难题。《化解国家资产负债
中长期风险》通过总结了“国家资产负债表”编制的国际经验和方法后得出结
论,中国养老保险基金缺口在 2013 年将达到 18.3 万亿元。许多业内专家对该数
据表示质疑,但中国养老保险基金存在缺口是学术界的共识,也是学术界长期
研究的课题
1985 年,福建省率先尝试建立基本养老保险省级统筹体制,试行范围包括
全省国有工业、交通行业。至 1989 年将个体私营企业职工、集体企业职工、外
商投资企业职工纳入养老保险省级统筹的覆盖范围。1994 年进一步改革,建立
了统一预算、分级调剂、属地管理的统筹模式。对各市级政府在养老保险基金
管理上建立“核定基数、定额缴拨、超收分成、超支共担”的激励机制。管理
费用也实行了“统一核定、分级管理、大部包干、部分调剂”的方法。福建省
现行养老保险基金管理办法由省级统筹、二级管理(市级)、三级经办,各地养
老保险基金收入全额上缴,实行收支两条线,省财政厅在各市人民银行指定专
户,严格执行专款专用。其中厦门经济特区养老保险基金独立管理
泉州市作为福建省三大中心城市之一,具有举足轻重的地位。它位于福建
省东南部,是历史文明古城,中国古代海上丝绸之路的起点。同时,泉州市有
较强的经济实力,地区生产总值连续十八年位居福建省首位,2016 年地区生产
总值达 6646.63 亿元。泉州市历年城镇企业职工基本养老保险基金收支情况较好,
本人通过走访社保机构基金管理人了解到,在厦门经济特区基本养老保险基金
独立管理、其他市县(金门县除外)城镇企业职工基本养老保险基金全省统筹
背景下,泉州市城镇企业职工基本养老保险基金历年结余贡献比平均在 50%以
上,近几年来结余上缴数都为十几个亿,除莆田市外的省内其他市县城镇企业
职工基本养老保险基金收支情况不甚理想,长期收支情况刚好平衡或入不敷出,2
泉州市城镇企业职工基本养老保险基金结余上缴数调剂弥补了其他市县城镇企
业职工基本养老保险基金的收支缺口。另外,福建省城镇企业职工基本养老保
险制度理论上是“统账结合”的部分积累制,实际运行上却没有做实个人账户
这意