经过改革开放30年的积累后,中国的创业活动已形成了一定的规模效应。随

着科学技术的推动,互联网和信息技术工具的快速发展给企业的商业模式带来革

命性的转变。在电子商务大行其道,风险投资竞相逐鹿的今天,创业机会正以前

所未有的创新与活力席卷着人们的眼球。如何开发创业机会开发什么样的创业

机会成了理论界和实践界共同关心的问题。已有的创业研究中,创业机会一直

广受关注又备受争议,很大原因在于其异质性属性并没有被深刻揭示,度量方法

也存在欠缺。从创业机会的时代背景出发,本文提出并回答了以下两个问题:(1)

随着创业环境不确定性的加剧,创业机会是否被赋予了新的时代内涵(2)从

创业过程来看,创业机会是如何被开发利用以实现“人与机会的联结” 借用知

识管理领域的研宄成果,本文提出了创业机会的内隐性特质,并结合人与机会联

结的创业过程尝试将内隐性创业机会的实现机理阐释清楚。

首先,文章从创业机会的定义、来源、识别与开发等问题对创业机会研宄做

了全面综述,对创业者决策逻辑以及先前经验做了回顾,总结了效果逻辑视角下

的创业机会观,以及创业者先前经验与创业机会的关系,并在理论综述的基础上

提出了内隐性创业机会的内涵及维度界定,构建了内隐性创业机会与创业者决策

逻辑、先前经验之间的关系模型。通过63份小样本及158份大样本的实证分析,

在模型修正及假设检验的基础上,本文得出的研宄结论如下:(1)不确定环境下,

创业机会不再是大众的、公开的信息搜寻与整理,而具有高度的内隐性特征,与

创业者个人的思维方式和心智模式紧密相连,并依存于具体的创业过程呈现出来。

(2)创业者因果逻辑与内隐性创业机会负相关,而效果逻辑与内隐性创业机会

部分正相关,其中实验与战略联盟均对内隐性创业机会有显著的正向预测作用,

说明内隐性创业机会的实现过程并不是线性的,需要依据创业过程不断调整,以

及依靠战略联盟的支持积极变现。(3)创业者经验的多样性部分正向调节着效果

逻辑与内隐性创业机会开发之间的关系,而行业经验相关性对柔性、可承受损失

及战略联盟与内隐性创业机会之间的作用关系均起着负向调节作用,说明经验多

样化的创业者,利用实验、战略联盟的决策逻辑可以更好的开发内隐性创业机会,

而行业的相关性反而会限制采用效果逻辑导向的创业者去开发内隐性创业机会。

关键词:内隐性创业机会创业者效果逻辑先前经验

ABSTRACT

China's entrepreneurial activity has already reached a certain scale after 30 years

of reform and opening-up. With the push of science and technology, there have been

revolutionary changes of business models due to the development of the internet and

IT tools, which have caused entrepreneurial opportunities become more attractive to

people's attention. So the questions comes as ‘How to develop opportunities' and

‘What kind of entrepreneurial opportunities to develop' It remains hot and

controversy of opportunity research largely because of the inappropriate measure of

its heterogeneous attributes. Against such background, two questions are proposed in

this paper as: Are there any new elements imported in entrepreneurial opportunities

with the development of times And how have they been developed to meet the match

of individual and opportunity Borrowing from the fruit of knowledge management

research, the paper puts forward the implicit attributes of entrepreneurial opportunities,

and clarifies its mechanism with individual/opportunity nexus in the whole

entrepreneurial process.

The paper first makes a thorough literature review about the definition,origin

and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities,especially on the relationship among

entrepreneurs' decision logic,prior experience and the entrepreneurial opportunities.

After an empirical research of 63-sample pretest and 158-sample formal test, several

conclusions are drawn as follows, (1) Entrepreneurial opportunity manifest itself in a

more implicit way, which are connected with the metal models and cognitive thinking

of entrepreneurs, and are demonstrated in the entrepreneurial process under

uncertainties; (2)The causation logic of entrepreneurs is negatively related with

implicit opportunities, while the effectuation logic is partly positively related with

them,among which experiment and strategic alliance show significant effect;③The

diversity of experience of entrepreneurs has largely a positive moderating effect on

the relationship between effectuation logic and entrepreneurial opportunities, while

the relevance of industry experience has a negative moderating effect on the

relationship between entrepreneurial opportunities and the effectuation logic of

flexibility,affordable loss and strategic alliance.