本文通过文献研究、实地调查、走访调研等方法,从课题研究的相关背景入手,
首先阐述了纵向一体化战略、畜牧业产业发展相关理论综述,接着详细的分析了 ZS
集团概况,然后分析了 ZS 集团畜牧产业发展,最后重点的提出了 ZS 集团产业前向
一体化发展战略。
本文从前向一体化的角度来研究我国畜牧企业的发展策略,在研究领域上与选题
角度上是有特色的,文章后面重点的结合了 ZS 集团进行针对性的案例分析,结合现
实状况,探索性提出 ZS 集团前向一体化的发展战略方向。
关键词:ZS 集团 前向一体化 畜牧产业 发展战略
V
ABSTRACT
This thesis aims to put forward the forward-improvement integration strategy for the
ZS Company Group, to use the related theories and profilers of MBA to find out the
advantages and disadvantages of strategies have made during the company’s development,
and to research new practical strategies, which can also give references for other
enterprises in the same trade field. Specifically speaking, this thesis will focus on the
following questions: how ZS Company found out problems when transforming from feed
industry to breeding industry and butchery, what kind of problems may exist, and what
kind of innovations may have. Besides the practical significances, it also has one
theoretical function. The integration strategy refers to the process of forming and
controlling a unified economic entity through bringing the related business activities into
the whole enterprise system, which includes vertical integration, forward integration,
backward integration and horizontal integration. Vertical integration refers to the
development industry chain in upstream and downstream; moreover, developing the
products in deep or downstream line is called forward integration, on the contrary, it is
called backward integration.
This thesis tries to explain the comprehensive application of forward integration
strategy in the strategy formulation process for animal husbandry enterprise development.
Literature review, investigation and interviewing are three research methods which were
used in this thesis. The thesis introduces the background and related theories firstly, such as
vertical integration strategy and animal husbandry industry development strategy; and then
explains the situation of ZS Company Group in detail. In the last part some practical
suggestions are put forward to improve the development of ZS Company Group.
In the viewpoint of forward integration strategy, this thesis tries to research the
development strategy of the animal husbandry enterprise. And it features on research field
and title. The whole paper is based on taking ZS Company Group as an example to find out
forward integration strategy.
Key words: ZS group, forward integration, animal husbandry industry, development
strategy
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.1.1 研究背景
畜牧业在整个农业体系中扮演着重要的角色,并在振兴农村经济的过程中起到极
大的推动作用。加快畜牧业前进步伐,更为充分的发挥其在农民增产增收、致富小康
过程中的积极作用,俨然是新经济时期重振农村经济的必然要求。
20 世纪八十年代,中国畜牧业经营的一体化开始起步,一直发展进步到了 1990
年以后,才开始渐渐地获得学术研究领域的认可,被广泛的讨论,引起重视,很多产
业生产模型就是在这一时期建立的。然而,从宏观角度观察,我国的畜牧业水平与世
界先进水平相比还有差距。纵向考察畜牧业,一体化的经营还存在许多问题,例如低
履约率、博弈理论,商品经营中由于合同缺陷导致的敲诈,产业理论组织都是由此延
伸出的调查重点。
畜牧产业的发展直接关乎肉蛋奶等产品的供应,对提高居民生活水平具有十分重
要的作用,尤其是增加农村居民收入的重要支柱。近几年来,政府我国开始反哺、加
大对于农业发展的推力,积极出台新政策帮助农业调整发展方向,科学生产。取得了
良好的效果,畜牧业有了长足进步,已经在朝着集约生产、规范生产的方向发展。产
业流程被严格把关,因地制宜开展畜牧业生产。虽然畜牧业发展的整体势头很好,然
而由于产业化发展速度过快,饲养管理落后、养殖环境变差、流行疾病肆虐及经营能
力欠缺等问题逐渐暴露,严重妨碍该行业的健康发展。具体问题表现在以下方面:第
一,传统产品需求结构不利于产业化战略的推广。因受我们传统饮食习惯的影响,目
前养殖业中以粮食、饲料用量大的猪、鸡、鸭、鱼等占有较大比例。相比之下,我们
对于牛肉、羊肉等反刍类动物的肉,接受程度就比较低,也比较少的食用或者饮用奶
类制品。这种产品需求结构是不符合常规健康的需求结构的。并且,在不同的养殖区
域内部这种产业化品种结构雷同较大,这样就出现了各个养殖地区内畜产品的市场销
售竞争异常激烈,产业的利润被严重的压榨,产业化的发展战略也不容易得到推广,
更不要说产生积极收益了。第二,受小农经济的影响,落后的散养模式,造成畜牧业
科技化水平低下。畜牧业在发展过程中,由于对科学技术没有足够重视,而科技成果
转化过程用时较长,一些优良品种的动物繁殖育种水平不够,导致肉蛋奶等产品数量
低,成本的提高造成效益的地下严重阻碍了畜牧产业一体化的发展壮大。第三,畜牧
业的行业规范不完善,企业缺乏规范的生产流程,行业加工水平普遍不高。如今畜牧
业产品深加工的整体情况是企业规模小、数量多,缺少大型的集约化的规模企业。由
于规模小,那么在经营中资金缺乏,无力抗拒市场风险,进一步阻碍了产业化一体化
的进步。这是一种恶性循环,由于规模化不够就很难形成产业标准化,进而难以保证