Distribution System Water Quality Monitoring: Sensor Technology Evaluation Methodology and Results A Guide for Sensor Manufacturers and Water Utilities EPA 600/R-09/076 October 2009 Distribution System Water Quality Monitoring: Sensor Technology Evaluation Methodology and Results A Guide for Sensor Manufacturers and Water Utilities John S. Hall Jeffrey G. Szabo Water Infrastructure Protection Division National Homeland Security Research Center Srinivas Panguluri Greg Meiners Shaw Environmental & Infrastructure, Inc. Cincinnati, Ohio U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Of?ce of Research and Development Water Infrastructure Protection Division National Homeland Security Research Center Cincinnati, Ohio Recycled/Recyclable Printed with vegetable-based ink on paper that contains a minimum of 50% post-consumer fiber content processed chlorine free Disclaimer The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Of?ce of Research and Development funded and managed the research described herein under Contract Nos. EP-C-04-034 and EP-C-09-041 with Shaw Environmental & Infrastructure, Inc. This document has been reviewed by the Agency but does not necessarily re?ect the Agency’s views. No of?cial endorsement should be inferred. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. ii Foreword The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is charged by Congress with protecting the nation’s air, water, and land resources. Under a mandate of national environmental laws, the Agency strives to formulate and implement actions leading to a compatible balance between human activities and the ability of natural systems to support and nurture life. To meet this mandate, the Agency’s Of?ce of Research and Development provides data and science support that can be used to solve environmental problems and build the scienti?c knowledge base needed to manage our ecological resources wisely, to u