地位竞争动机对知识隐藏的影响研究
摘
要
知识经济时代背景下，社会各界都在强调创新的重要性。知识作为企业开展创新活
动的重要保证，如何促进组织内的知识共享使员工获得持续的知识积累便显得尤为关
键。开展知识管理活动有助于知识在组织内传播，因而也被广大企业追捧。然而，研究
证实，尽管企业投入大量的人力和财力用于知识管理实践，但所取得的成果并不理想。
知识隐藏现象普遍存在于组织当中，给组织带来了严重的消极结果，有必要采取相应的
措施以抑制知识隐藏行为。在既有的知识领域研究中，学者们多从知识分享的角度探究
其产生的作用效果和影响因素，而有关知识隐藏主题的研究仍旧有限。
近年来，为了揭示诱发员工知识隐藏行为的前因，学者们多聚焦于知识特性、个人
特质、个体感知、领导方式、组织氛围等，而极少从地位竞争的角度探究对知识隐藏的
影响。地位竞争广泛存在于生活和工作中，地位竞争一方面能够激励员工为了更高的地
位而增加个人的工作投入，但另一方面，地位竞争的存在也会促使组织内员工使用不正
当手段来获取地位。由此，地位竞争的有效性还有待检验。基于以上考虑，本研究从地
位竞争的角度出发，探究不同的地位竞争动机对知识隐藏的影响。在借鉴已有研究的基
础之上，本文选取人际信任作为本研究的中介变量，尝试探寻人际信任在地位竞争动机
对知识隐藏产生影响所起的中介作用。此外，绩效氛围作为组织中重要的情境因素，被
选入了本研究中作为边界条件。
本研究采用两阶段追踪调研的方法，通过发放线上问卷获取了 244份有效数据。借
助 SPSS25.0和 AMOS21.0软件对数据进行分析，结果表明：（1）支配型地位竞争动机
对知识隐藏具有正向影响，而对人际信任具有负向影响；威望型地位竞争动机对知识隐
藏具有负向影响，而对人际信任具有正向影响；（2）人际信任在支配型地位竞争动机和
知识隐藏之间起到部分中介作用，而在威望型地位竞争动机和知识隐藏之间起到完全中
介作用；（3）绩效氛围对支配型地位竞争动机和知识隐藏之间的关系起到调节作用，在
低绩效氛围下，支配型地位竞争动机对知识隐藏的正向影响更强；绩效氛围没有调节威
望型地位竞争动机和知识隐藏之间的关系；（4）绩效氛围对地位竞争动机和人际信任之
间的关系起到调节作用，在高绩效氛围下，支配型地位竞争动机和威望型地位竞争动机
对人际信任的影响都更强；（5）绩效氛围不同程度地调节了地位竞争动机通过人际信任
对知识隐藏的影响。在高绩效氛围下，支配型地位竞争动机通过人际信任对知识隐藏产
生的影响显著且更强，而在低绩效氛围下，支配型地位竞争动机通过人际信任对知识隐
藏产生的影响不显著且更弱，并且高低水平下的间接效应差异不显著；在高绩效氛围下，
威望型地位竞争动机通过人际信任对知识隐藏产生显著且更强影响，在低绩效氛围下，
威望型地位竞争动机通过人际信任对知识隐藏产生显著但更弱影响，并且高低水平下的
间接效应差异显著。
I
摘要
进一步地，基于本研究的相关成果，提出以下几点建议以供管理者参考：（1）合理
引导员工进行地位竞争，通过适当的干预，充分发挥地位竞争的积极作用；（2）采用合
理的知识管理措施，对个体的知识分享行为进行宣传，及时制止不正当竞争行为；（3）
提供稳定竞争环境，营造良好的信任氛围，促进员工之间的沟通交流；（4）设置合理的
绩效考核标准和晋升机制，激发员工的工作积极性。
关键词：地位竞争动机；知识隐藏；人际信任；绩效氛围
II
地位竞争动机对知识隐藏的影响研究
Abstract
In the era of knowledge economy, all sectors of society are emphasizing the importance
of innovation. Knowledge is an important guarantee for enterprises to carry out innovation
activities, how to promote knowledge sharing within the organization and enable employees
to obtain continuous knowledge accumulation is particularly critical. Carrying out knowledge
management activities helps to spread knowledge within the organization, so it is also sought
after by the majority of enterprises. However, the research confirms that although enterprises
invest a lot of human and financial resources in knowledge management practice, the results
are not ideal. The phenomenon of knowledge hiding is widespread in the organization, which
hasbrought seriousnegativeresults totheorganization,so itisnecessaryto take
corresponding measures to curb the knowledge hiding behavior. In the existing research in the
field of knowledge, scholars mostly explore its effects and influencing factors from the
perspective of knowledge sharing, while the research on the theme of knowledge hiding is
still limited.
In recent years, in order to reveal the antecedents of employees' knowledge hiding
behavior, scholarsmostlyfocus onknowledge characteristics,personalcharacteristics,
individual perception, leadershipstyle, organizational atmosphere and soon, but rarely
explore the impact on knowledge hiding from the perspective of status competition. Status
competition widely exists in life and work. On the one hand, status competition can motivate
employees to increase their work engagement for higher status, but on the other hand, the
existence of statuscompetition will also promptemployees in the organizationto use
improper means to obtain status. Therefore, the effectiveness of status competition remains to
be tested. Based on the above considerations, this study explores the impact of different status
competition motivation on knowledge hiding from the perspective of status competition.
Based on the existing research, this thesis selects interpersonal trust as the intermediary
variable of this study, trying to explore the intermediary role of interpersonal trust in the
influence of status competition motivation on knowledge hiding. In addition, as an important
situational factor in the organization, performance climate was selected as the boundary
condition in this study.
This study adopts the method of two-stage follow-up survey, and 244 valid data are
obtained by issuing online questionnaires. The data are analyzed with the help of SPSS25.0
and AMOS21.0 software. The results show that: (1) Dominant status competition motivation
has a positive effect on knowledge hiding and a negative effect on interpersonal trust; Prestige
III