正念对员工越轨创新行为的影响研究
摘
要
在创新制胜的时代背景下，许多企业都充分意识到，他们的创新能力对未来的成
功至关重要。通常来说，企业鼓励员工创新，因为员工越来越被视为许多企业创新创
业理念的源头。然而，受制于资源的有限性和对效率的追求，企业又会否定掉大部分
的创新想法。当员工的好奇心和企业控制力之间达成某种妥协时，越轨创新活动就会
兴盛起来。越轨创新（Bootlegging/ Creative Deviance）指的是员工在面临组织障碍时
采取非官方方式继续追求创新的一种活动。研发中的越轨创新现象在公司中相当普
遍，并产生了许多杰出和知名的创新，是创新的重要源泉，也是任何参与创新管理的
人都应该关注的话题。有关研究表明，越轨创新可以缓解社会结构中的一些紧张关
系，促进激进新思想的发展；越轨创新行为的间接贡献可能比直接贡献更有价值，即
从事越轨创新活动的研究人员是最具创造力的，而且这种活动有助于他们持续保持自
己的创造力。在这样的背景下，员工越轨创新越来越成为管理者和学者关注的话题。
正念（Mindfulness）是一个来自东方佛教的概念，20世纪90年代被引入管理领域。
创造力是组织关注的话题，很多研究发现正念可以提高员工的创新能力与创新绩效，
特别是因为正念可以通过训练而提高，因此正念训练被视为在不同领域提高创造力的
有效工具。基于现有研究成果，本文运用资源保存理论，进一步提出正念可能正向影
响员工越轨创新，与此同时，本文也探讨了角色宽度自我效能以及组织支持在正念与
越轨创新关系间的中介和调节作用。
为了实现本文的研究目的，首先，我们运用文献研究法对正念、角色宽度自我效
能、越轨创新以及组织支持感的相关理论和现有研究进行回顾与总结，通过梳理四者
的关系，得到一个典型的有调节的中介模型。其次，我们采用问卷调查法，利用
Credamo见数平台进行了线上两阶段的数据收集，一共得到有效样本数据268份。最
后，我们借助统计分析工具 SPSS24.0与 AMOS21.0对样本数据进行了一系列分析：运
用 SPSS24.0进行层次回归分析，检验正念影响员工越轨创新的主效应；运用
PROCESS插件Bootstrap分析检验角色宽度自我效能的中介效应；运用PROCESS插
件和简单斜率分析检验组织支持感的调节效应。
研究结果表明，（ 1）正念正向影响员工越轨创新；（ 2）角色宽度自我效能部分
中介正念与员工越轨创新之间的关系，即正念对越轨创新的部分影响是通过提升员工
角色宽度自我效能间接达成的；（3）组织支持感正向调节角色宽度自我效能与越轨创
新之间的关系，即员工感知到的组织支持感水平越高，角色宽度自我效能对员工越轨
创新的正向影响就越强；员工感知到的组织支持感水平越低，角色宽度自我效能对员
工越轨创新的正向影响就越弱。在此基础上，组织支持感正向调节了角色宽度自我效
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摘要
能在正念与越轨创新之间的中介效应。
研究结果从资源保存理论视角拓展了员工越轨创新的影响因素研究，丰富了正念
的在组织管理领域、积极心理学和积极组织行为学领域的影响效果，拓展了角色宽度
自我效能与越轨创新关系的边界条件研究。研究结果对于管理实践中如何有效激发与
管理员工越轨创新具有一定指导意义。
关键词：正念；越轨创新；角色宽度自我效能；组织支持感；资源保存理论
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正念对员工越轨创新行为的影响研究
Abstract
Innovation is the first power to lead the development. In an era when innovation is
winning, many companies are well aware that their ability to innovate is critical to future
success. In general, companies encourage employees to innovate because employees are
increasingly seen as the source of many innovative ideas. However, limited by the limited
resources and the pursuit of efficiency, enterprises will reject most of the innovative ideas.
Bootlegging thrives when there is a compromise between the curiosity of employees and the
control of the organization. Bootlegging refers to an activity in which employees continue to
pursue Innovation inan unofficial way whenfaced with organizational obstacles.The
phenomenon of off-track innovation is quite common in companies and has produced many
outstanding and well-known innovations. It is an important source of innovation and a topic
that anyone involved in innovation management should pay attention to. Studies show that
bootlegging can ease some tensions in the social structure and promote the development of
radical new ideas; The indirect contribution of bootlegging may be more valuable than the
direct contribution, namely that researchers who engage in bootlegging are the most creative
and that such activity helps them to sustain their creativity. In this context, bootlegging has
increasingly become a topic of concern for managers and scholars. Mindfulness, a concept
from Eastern Buddhism, was introduced into management in the 1990s. The current accepted
and classical interpretation of mindfulness is that it is an receptive attention and awareness to
current events and experiences. Creativity is a topic of concern for organizations. Many
studies have found that mindfulness can improve employees'innovative ability and innovative
performance, especially because mindfulness can be improved through training, mindfulness
training is therefore seen as an effective tool for improving creativity in different areas. This
thesis further proposes that mindfulness may have a positive impact on employee bootlegging,
using resource conservation theory, this thesis also explores the mediating role of role breadth
self-efficacy between mindfulness and bootlegging and the moderating role of organizational
support.
In order to achieve the research goal of this thesis, first of all, we use the literature
research method, on the basis of reading a large number of existing literature at home and
abroad, this thesis reviews and summarizes the related theories and existing research on
mindfulness, role-breadthself-efficacy, bootleg innovationand perceived organizational
support, on the basis of carding the relationship among them, the research hypothesis and
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