黑暗三人格对生涯适应力的影响机制研究——政治技能的中介作用
摘
要
当前，数字化和自动化技术的浪潮席卷全球，对人们的生活与生产方式产生了深
刻的影响。成千上万的劳动者面临着职业的变更，需要更新知识体系、学习新的技能
以实现自我提升。根据麦肯锡全球研究院的报告，由于中国劳动力市场规模庞大，未
来中国的职业变更大约占到全球的 36%，约有 2.2亿中国劳动者可能会因受到自动化
技术的影响而面临职业变更的危机。劳动者必须通过学习来主观能动地适应职业变动
以维持就业能力。在此背景之下，个体如何应对职业变化，如何在转换中顺利过渡并
最后实现与职业的相对适配是我们需要关注的话题。而生涯适应力是能够帮助个体在
应对各种职业变化时进行自我调整的一类社会心理资源，有助于个体应对这些职业变
动。基于此，本文将生涯适应力作为主要研究主题。
人格是生涯适应力研究领域中受到普遍关注的一类变量，被认为是生涯适应力的
有力预测因素。然而，目前对于人格因素的关注仅仅局限于积极的人格，对消极人格
的关注却十分缺乏。但消极人格并非意味着社会适应不良，比如黑暗三人格。在如今
的生活中，黑暗三人格已成为较为普遍的人格特质群，它兼具亲社会与反社会双重特
征，让人心生警惕的同时，也让人感慨其魅力。过往研究中，黑暗三人格与职业成功
之间存在显著的正向关系，某些情况下，黑暗三人格甚至是领导魅力或个人魅力的源
泉，这均显示出黑暗三人格者的良好适应性。那么，黑暗三人格者是否能够拥有较高
的生涯适应力？他们如何获取生涯适应力？黑暗三人格对生涯适应力的影响会对组织
管理产生什么启示？基于这些思考，综合以往研究，我们结合资源保存理论与生涯建
构理论，引入了政治技能作为中介变量，探究了黑暗三人格（马基雅维利主义、自
恋、精神病态）对生涯适应力的影响机制。
本研究通过每 2周收集一次的3阶段问卷，对江西南昌某大学的学生展开研究。
研究结果显示，在控制性别变量之后，黑暗三人格对生涯适应力存在显著影响。具体
来说，马基雅维利主义与自恋促进了生涯适应力，而精神病态抑制了生涯适应力。除
此之外，政治技能中介了马基雅维利主义、自恋与精神病态对生涯适应力的影响。本
研究结合资源保存理论，通过揭示适应准备对生涯适应力的影响机制，拓展了生涯建
构理论。与此同时，本研究发现了黑暗三人格对生涯适应力的影响存在差异，同时兼
具积极影响和消极影响。最后，本文讨论了结论可能带来的理论意义与管理启示。
关键词：黑暗人格；生涯适应力；政治技能；生涯建构理论；资源保存理论
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Abstract
Abstract
Currently, thepopularization of digitaland automation technologiesis profoundly
changing people's wayof life and production.Millions of workers needto learn new
knowledge, master new skills, reinvent themselves constantly, and some even need to change
their careers. According to the McKinsey Global Institute's report, by 2030, given the size of
the Chinese labor market, as many as 220 million Chinese workers could change careers as a
result of automation. And China accounts for about 36 percent of global job changes. Workers
must maintain their employability subjectively through lifelong learning and adapting to
career transition. In this context, we need to pay attention to how individuals cope with career
changes, how to make a smooth transition in the career changes and finally realize the relative
adaptation to the career. Career adaptability is a kind of social psychological resources that
can help individuals to adjust themselves to various career changes. Based on this, this thesis
takes career adaptability as the main research topic.
In the field of career adaptation, personality is a kind of variable that attracts widespread
attention and is considered as a powerful predictor of career adaptation. However, the current
attention to personality traits is only limited to those positive, while the negative personality
traits are very lackof attention. But negativepersonalities are not necessarily socially
maladaptive, such as the Dark triad traits. In real life, the Dark triad traits have become
relatively common personality traits. It has both pro-social and anti-social characteristics,
which makes people wary and charming at the same time. In previous studies, there is a
significant positive relationship between the Dark triad traits and career success, and the Dark
triad traits are even important sources of leadership and personal charisma. The Dark triad
traits havehigher career adaptability? Howdo they acquirecareer adaptability? What
implications might their impact on career adaptability have for organizational management?
Based onthese considerations,this researchcombined careerconstruction theoryand
conservation of resource theory, and introduced political skill as a mediator, to examine the
influentialmechanismoftheDarkTriadtraits(Machiavellianism,narcissism,and
psychopathy) on career adaptability.
This study conducted a three-wave survey of Chinese college students (N = 379), and the
results showed that after statistically controlling the impact of sex, the Dark Triad traits had
significantimpacts oncareer adaptability.Indetail, Machiavellianismandnarcissism
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黑暗三人格对生涯适应力的影响机制研究——政治技能的中介作用
enhanced careeradaptability butpsychopathyreduced careeradaptability. Inaddition,
political skill mediated the effect of Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy on career
adaptability. The results extended career construction theory by unfolding the influential
mechanism of career readiness on career adaptability based on conservation of resources
theory. Simultaneously, this study showed the traits of the Dark Triad had both negative and
positive effects on career adaptability. Finally, the report concluded with the discussion of
practical implications and future perspectives of the research.
Key Words: Dark Triad traits; career adaptability; political skill; career construction
theory; conservation of resources theory
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