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摘要
随着近些年经济的稳步增长，中小企业在国家政策的扶持下蓬勃发展，与之相关的
贷款数额也快速增加，信贷风险集中爆发。浙商银行 HN分行已有部分中小企业呈现未
能偿还到期债务的状况，这一现象与中小企业贷前风险评估有关，科学有效评估贷前风
险，能够规避来自借款企业的经营风险、信用风险与法律风险等。本文沿着“理论基础
-现状与问题-评估体系构建-评估体系应用-保障措施”的路径，以浙商银行 HN分行为研
究对象，采用规范研究、实地调研法、案例分析法和实证分析法，结合全面风险管理和
信贷配给理论，分析浙商银行 HN分行中小企业贷前风险评估现状和问题，构建风险评
估体系，并根据实际情况，筛选 A企业和 B企业作为实际案例，分析风险评估体系应
用效果，进而提出有效的保障措施，为保障银行有效控制中小企业贷前风险、提升贷款
质量等提供借鉴。
本文的研究得到如下一些结论：第一，对浙商银行 HN分行中小企业贷款业务贷款
现状进行梳理，围绕贷前风险调查、审查和审批等环节分析其风险评估状况，发现目前
存在贷前调查流于形式、贷前风险评估系统单一和贷审会制度存在不足等问题。第二，
基于全面性和代表性、定性和定量相结合、科学性和可操作性等原则，设计了包括财务
风险和非财务风险 2项一级指标，8项二级指标以及 24项三级指标的贷前风险评估指标
体系，运用层次分析确定各项指标权重，并确定指标赋值标准和风险等级标准。第三，
选择 A企业（汽车销售类）、B企业（商贸类）作为案例，结合两家案例企业的实际数
据和专家打分，对中小企业贷前风险评估体系进行应用，结果显示 A企业贷前风险评估
得分为 85.35，评级为“A”等级；B企业贷前风险评估得分为74.25，评级为“C”等
级。最后，提出完善中小企业贷前风险评估体系、细化中小企业贷前风险调查流程、健
全中小企业贷前投向指引、加强信贷人员团队建设等保障措施，为浙江银行 HN分行有
效防范中小企业贷前风险提供支撑，也为其他商业银行进行贷前风险评估提供借鉴。
关键词：贷前风险评估，中小企业，层次分析法，浙商银行 HN分行
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Abstract
With the steady economic growth in recent years, small and medium-sized enterprises
have flourished under the support of national policies, and the amount of loans related to them
has also increased rapidly, resulting in concentrated outbreaks of credit risks. Some small and
medium-sized enterprises in THE HN Branch of Zheshang Bank have failed to repay the
debtsdue. This phenomenonis related tothe pre-loan riskassessment of small and
medium-sized enterprises. Scientific and effective assessment of pre-loan risk can avoid the
operating risk, credit risk and legal risk of borrowing enterprises. Along the "theoretical basis
in this paper, present situation and the proble-evaluation system to build evaluation system
application-safeguards" path, zheshang bank HN branch as the research object, adopts
normative research, field survey method, case analysis and empirical analysis, combining
with the comprehensive risk management and credit rationing theories, analysis of zheshang
bank HN branch of small and medium-sized enterprise credit risk assessment before the
current situation and problems Tobuild A risk assessment system, and according to the actual
situation, select enterprise A and enterprise B as actual cases,analyze the application effect of
the risk assessment system,and then put forward effective safeguard measures, so as to
provide reference for ensuring banks to effectively control pre-loan risk of smes and improve
loan quality.
This thesis firstly sorts out the loan status quo of SMEs loan business of the HN branch
of Zheshang Bank, analyzes status quo of pre-loan risk investigation, review and approval,
and summarizes problems such as pre-loan investigation becoming a formality, pre-loan risk
assessment system beingsingle and loan review committee systembeing inadequate.
Secondly, basedon theprinciples ofcomprehensiveness andrepresentativeness, and
combination of qualitative and quantitative, scientific and operational, the design includes two
first-level indicators, eight second-level indicators and other 24 three-level indicators. It uses
hierarchical analysis to determine the weight of each indicator, and determines the index
assignment standard and risk grade standard. Thirdly, enterprise A (automobile sales) and
enterprise B (commerce and trade) are selected as cases. Combined with the actual data of the
two cases and expert scoring, it applies pre-loan risk assessment system of SMEs. The results
show that pre-loan risk assessment score of enterprise A is 85.35 and the rating is “A”.
Pre-loan risk assessment score of enterprise B is 74.25 and the rating is “C”. Finally,
Suggestions of consummating credit risk evaluationsystem of SMEs, refiningpro-loan
investigation process of SMEs, improving pre-loaninvestment guidance of smes, and
strengthening construction of credit personnel team, for Zheshang Bank HNbranch effectve
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