硕士学位论文
“正己正人”：以身作则与组织整体有序发展
的探索性研究
“Zhengjizhengren”: An Exploratory Research on Leading by
Body and Organizational Orderly Development
作 者 姓 名： 曹耀
学科、专业： 企业管理
学 号： 21911092
指 导 教 师： 潘安成
完 成 日 期： 2022.6
大连理工大学
Dalian University of Technology
大连理工大学硕士学位论文
摘 要
在日益激烈的组织竞争环境中，激励机制作为推动企业内部资源配置最优化的有
效手段，是实现企业价值创造的关键环节。然而长期以来，主流研究过多地围绕个人
需求动机来激发组织成员投入企业发展实践中，却忽视了在组织日常交往的关系维持
中组织成员自身的道德感召力。事实上，具有领导身份的组织成员往往能够在日常行
为中起到表率和带动作用，通过以身作则形成道德行为模式进而塑造组织长治久安。
当组织领导者自身在品行上拥有较高水平，率先为下级成员做出示范，不仅能够在自
然之情中“承上启下”，带动组织成员积极完成绩效,还能增强组织成员间的情感联结，
塑造和睦共处的组织氛围，在达到传统激励效果的同时，有效避免了以目标为导向的
价值激励实践可能带来的弊端，这种“正己正人”的优良传统为推进日常组织有序发
展提供了内生性动力。
本文运用质性研究方法，基于组织日常交往活动，探究在“关系本位”的熟人社
会背景下，组织领导者以身作则的具体表现内涵和内在作用逻辑，并进一步阐释其对
组织整体有序发展的推进意义。为此，本文选取一家中国本土公司为研究对象，通过
参与式观察的民族志法跟踪调研获得一手数据。在此基础上，综合运用案例研究与扎
根理论对原始数据进行分析。首先，利用情境分析法重点识别以身作则在具体情境下
不同层面的内涵和行为表现。其次，利用类属分析法对以身作则的行为结果进行提炼
和抽象，形成以身作则的类属维度，并根据概念间的联系构建初步理论框架。
研究发现，以身作则在组织日常行为中的具体表现，既包括在情感层面以谦卑尊
重等道德品质进行上下级间的关系维持，也包含在行为层面通过言传身教进行知识传
递；以身作则所产生的道德力量为组织整体有序发展提供了内生驱动力，主要体现在
两个方面：第一，以身作则的榜样带动，提升了组织成员道德修养和业务水平，促进
知识继承。第二，基于关系情感维系的以身作则，提高了组织成员的长期工作意愿和
工作积极性，塑造了和睦共处的组织整体氛围。研究表明，以身作则的道德力量不仅
可以带动资源持续有效地流动，促进上下级间的代际传承，也有利于在关系情感的互
动中团结一心，在组织遇到危机时以专业知识共同努力解决问题，进一步增强组织凝
聚力和组织恢复力。以身作则的管理逻辑由此在承上启下的关系之道上推进日常组织
整体有序发展进程。
关键词：以身作则；组织整体有序发展；关系维持；榜样带动；道德力量
I 大连理工大学硕士学位论文
“Zhengjizhengren”: An Exploratory Research on Leading by Body and
Organizational Orderly Development
Abstract
In the increasingly fierce organizational competition environment, incentive mechanism,
as an effective means to optimize internal resource allocation, is the key to achieve enterprise
value creation. However, existing incentive theory often attaches too much importance to
motivating employees by salary, welfare, equity, and other material means, which ignore
leaders’ moral inspiration. In fact, organizational members’ words and deeds can often play a
key role, forming the behavior pattern of leading by body through “Zhengjizhengren”. When
an organization member who has a leadership status has a high level of skills and morality, he
or she takes the lead in setting an example for other members. Leading by body could not only
motivate organization members to complete performance actively and naturally, also could
enhance the emotional connection between organization members and create a harmonious
organizational atmosphere. In which way the whole organization reach the traditional incentive
effect, avoiding the disadvantages in the practice of material incentive practice. Thus, the future
organization can be created internally in the implementation of the established periodic
organizational goals, and the organizational orderly development can be promoted overall.
In this paper, under the background of "relationship-oriented" acquaintance society,
qualitative research method is used to explore the internal function logic and specific expression
connotation of organization leaders lead by example, further explain its promoting significance
to the orderly organizational development. Therefore, this paper selects a local Chinese
company to conduct in-depth research and obtain first-hand data through ethnographic tracking.
On this basis, the grounded method is used to analyze the original data. Firstly, using the
situation analysis method to explore the connotation and behavior of different levels of leading
by body in specific situations. Secondly, the generic analysis method is used to refine the
behavior results of leading by body, forming the generic dimension, thus build a preliminary
theoretical framework.
The study found that the specific performance of leading by body in the organization;s
daily behavior includes not only the moral qualities such as humility and respect through
relationship maintenance from the emotional level, but also the knowledge transmission
through words and deeds from the behavior level. The incentive effect produced by leading by
body is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, the exemplary power formed by leading by body
effectively motivates the organizational members to improve their business and moral level,
promoting organizational knowledge inheritance; Second, the behavior of leading by body
based on relationship maintenance encourages the organization members’ mental health
development, further improve their long-term work willingness and work motivation, create a
harmonious atmosphere. Research shows that the moral power of leading by body can not only
II 大连理工大学硕士学位论文
drive the continuous flow of resources and promote the intergenerational inheritance between
the upper and lower members, but also good for bonding in emotional relationship interactions,
making joint efforts to solve problems with professional knowledge when the organization
encounter trouble, further promoting the organizational collective cohesion and resilience.
leading by body thus promoting organizational orderly development of the whole organization.
Key Words：leading by body; orderly development of the whole organization; guanxi maintenance;
model power; moral power
III 大连理工大学硕士学位论文
目录
摘 要 .................. I
Abstract ..................... II
1绪论 ..................... 1
1.1 问题的提出与研究意义 ................. 1
1.1.1 研究问题的提出 ............ 1
1.1.2 研究意义 ................. 3
1.2 研究目的 .................... 4
1.3 研究方法 .................... 4
1.4 论文结构 .................... 5
2 理论基础 ................ 7
2.1 组织日常行为中的以身作则 ................ 7
2.1.1 情感层面下的关系维持 ............... 7
2.1.2 行为层面下的言传身教 ............... 8
2.2 道德力量下的组织整体有序发展 ................ 9
2.2.1 以身作则与道德力量 ............ 9
2.2.2 道德力量与组织整体有序发展 ............... 10
2.3 本章小结 .................. 11
3 研究设计 ..................... 12
3.1 研究方法 .................. 12
3.2 数据收集 ................... 12
3.2.1 研究对象选择 ............... 12
3.2.2 数据收集与整理 .................. 13
3.3 数据处理 ................... 14
3.3.1 数据分析 ................ 14
3.3.2 数据检验 ................ 21
4 研究发现 ..................... 22
4.1 组织日常行为中的以身作则 ............... 22
4.1.1 谦卑尊重下的以身作则 ............. 23
4.1.2 言传身教下的以身作则 ............. 24
4.2 以身作则的道德力量 ............. 26
4.2.1 榜样带动下的组织知识继承过程 ........... 26
4.2.2 关系维持下的组织和睦共处过程 ........... 27
IV