线上供应链金融风险管理研究——以 J手机企业为例
摘
要
社会经济稳定的前提是企业经济稳定，而在所有企业中，中小企业数量占比更大，
因此它们能够快速地平衡市场经济结构，同时也能够促进市场经济的发展。但由于它们
的市场占比高、体制灵活各异、规模小、资质低、融资难等情况，往往使它们在市场竞
争中处于弱势，尤其是在 2020年新冠疫情的影响下，中小企业的经营状况每况愈下，
供应链金融业务适时地为中小企业管理者提供了新的解决思路。此类融资业务的推广使
一部分中小企业经济回暖，逐渐缓解了中小型企业在资金方面遇到的各种困难。尽管此
项融资业务的推进能够加速融资过程同时提高融资效率，然而线上融资业务发展也带来
了相应的问题，一旦风险产生，互联网作为载体也会加速风险的传播速度。为了将风险
控制在可接受的范围内，开展融资服务的同时企业也需要加强风险管理。
基于以上背景，在研究初期本文首先对相关文献进行了梳理，通过查阅有关供应链
金融风险和管理的相关文章，归纳了有关于线上供应链的融资模式、风险识别和风险管
理等方向的研究结论。其次运用定性分析法对比了线上供应链金融和传统供应链金融之
间的不同点，对供应链金融的发展过程中的演变进行了归纳。文中对线上供应链金融模
式进行博弈分析，并结合了金融风险管理理论、信息不对称理论、委托代理等相关理论
作为依据。最后引入 J手机企业案例进行实例分析，通过对 J企业管理现状的深入探究，
进一步剖析 J企业在发展线上供应链金融融资过程中产生的问题并寻找其产生的原因，
最终提出供企业改进的参考措施。
通过研究得出结论：1)经济效应、资源效应、协同效应是企业发展线上供应链金
融业务的主要原因，将资金和资源有效地整合能更好地使整个供应链上的企业协同发
展。2)经过对 J手机企业线上供应链金融管理现状进行深入探究，发现人员不专业、流
程不完善、技术不健全等是 J企业融资过程中出现的主要问题。3)通过对这些问题的进
一步研究归纳出产生这些问题的内部因素和外部因素，进而对完善 J企业线上供应链金
融风险管理体系提出一定建议：首先从人员层面，提升企业内部管理人员的风险管理意
识并优化员工的培训方案；其次从流程层面，整合多方数据加强贷前审核标准，设计风
险矩阵完善贷中预警体系，引入回购制降低客户贷后违约率，对贷前、贷中、贷后分别
进行风险防范；最后从其他层面完善风险管理，比如运用区块链技术提升数据的可靠性，
强化网络技术管理数据的安全性，遵守行业法规确保流程的公正性等，通过归纳 J手机
企业的风险管理完善措施，同时对相关行业发展线上供应链金融业务起到一定启示。
关键词：线上供应链金融；风险管理；风险评估矩阵
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Abstract
Abstract
The stability of enterprises make social and economic stability. There are more small and
medium-sized enterprises than big ones. Not only they can balance the market economy
structure, but also can make a significant contribution to the development of the market
economy. However, due to the small scale, low qualifications, and financing difficulties of
most SMEs, they are easily vulnerable to competition. The impact of the COVID-19 in 2020
will aggravate the economic difficulties of SMEs. The emergence of supply chain finance has
gradually alleviated the funding problems of SMEs and opened up a new path for the
development of SMEs. Although the promotion of this financing business can speed up the
financing process and improve financing efficiency, the development of online financing
business has also brought corresponding problems. Once risks arise, the Internet as a carrier
will also accelerate the spread of risks. In order to control risks within an acceptable range,
companies also need to strengthen risk management while developing financing services.
Based on all of these research ideas, firstly literature research method is used in the
thesis to summarize the previous research of scholars all over the world. The financing model,
risk identification and risk management which combined with the Internet were separately
studied according to their research. Secondly, they found out the development of supply chain
finance by comparing the differences between online and traditional supply chain finance.
Financial risk management theory, information asymmetry theory and principal-agent theory
which all used as theoretical basis. Finally, the thesis makes a case study on the actual
situation of J mobile phone company. Several problems were found during the study of
company operation. It is necessary to find out the cause of these problems and suggestions for
the reference of J company are proposed.
It can be summarized that: 1) Economic effects, resource effects, and synergy effects are
the main reasons for companies making movements for online supply chain financial
development. Effective integration of funds and resources can better enable the coordinated
development of enterprises in the entire supply chain. 2) It is found that a lot of problems had
existed in the process of J company online supply chain financing, such as unprofessional
personnel, imperfect processes, and unsound technologies. 3) Through further research on
these issues, we can summarize the internal and external factors that caused these issues, and
then make some suggestions for improving the J company's online supply chain financial risk
management system: First is from the personnel level, increasing the risk of internal
management personnel of the company manage awareness and optimize staff training
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线上供应链金融风险管理研究——以 J手机企业为例
programs; Second is from the process level, integrate multi-party data to strengthen pre-loan
review standards, design a Assessment Matrix to improve the pre-loan early warning system,
and repurchase system can be used to reduce the customer’s post-loan default rate. Risk
prevention is carried out separately after the loan; Finally, risk management also can be
improved in some other ways, such as using blockchain technology to improve the data
reliability, strengthening network technology management data security, complying with
industry regulations to ensure the fairness of the process, etc. All of these methods can help J
Company to build up its risk management standards. Furthermore, the case study will also
give some enlightenment to the development of online supply chain financial business in
related industries.
Key Words: Online Supply Chain Finance; Risk Management; Risk Assessment Matrix
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