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重庆理工大学
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日期:2022年5月16日
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日期:2022年5月16日
日期:2022年5月16日
摘要
摘要
创业是推动我国改革发展与经济增长的重要力量。在创业浪潮的驱动下,我国职
业教育已将培养创业人才视为重要使命,同时将提升学生的创业能力视为学生培养目
标的重要部分。虽然国家出台了很多大力扶持大学生创业教育的政策,但仍然存在高
职大学生创业成功率较低的现象。一方面,高职学院大学生创业意愿比较强烈,但创
业能力却不足;另一方面,高职院校人才的培养观念和培养模式限制了高职学院创新
创业教育的展开,这就使得高职大学生在知识和能力之间、理论和实践之间产生巨大
的鸿沟,进而造成高职院校大学生面临“想创而不能创”或者“已创但不能成”的尴
尬局面。基于此,本文试图在明晰高职学院大学生创业能力结构维度的基础上,基于
多维度、全过程和系统化的策略设计,提出培育高职学院大学生创业能力的管理实践
路径及建议。
本文首先系统梳理了创业能力以及大学生创业能力的相关文献,并借鉴 Timmons
创业要素模型建构了高职学院大学生创业能力结构维度模型,即涵盖机会攫取能力、
资源管理能力和团队组织能力的多维度概念。随后,选择 Q高职学院大学生作为调
研对象,通过问卷调研以及对调研数据的分析,实证检验研究提出的高职学院大学生
创业能力结构模型,证明其是由机会攫取能力、资源管理能力和团队组织能力三方面
构成的多维度概念。继而,本文借鉴 OBE理念,基于高职院校大学生创业能力结构
模型,分别从机会攫取能力、资源管理能力和团队组织能力三维度提出 Q高职学院
大学生创业能力的培育对策及建议。
通过系列的理论分析,以及基于 Q高职学院调研数据的实证检验表明,高职院
校大学生创业能力是一个多维度的概念,它由机会攫取能力、资源管理能力和团队组
织能力三个维度构成;同时,基于 OBE理念,本文认为高职学院大学生创业能力的
培育应该从“聚焦核心问题”、“明确学习意义”、“实施培育策略”和“评价培育
效果”四个方面进行有效整合,从机会攫取能力、资源管理能力和团队组织能力三方
面系统、科学地培育高职学院大学生创业能力,以实现高职学院大学生优质创业和就
业活动的展开。
关键词:高职学院大学生;创业结构维度;能力基础观;OBE理念;培育策略
I
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
Entrepreneurship is an important force driving China's reform and development and
economic growth. Driven by the wave of entrepreneurship, China's vocational education
has regarded the cultivation of entrepreneurial talents as an important mission, and also
regarded the enhancement of students' entrepreneurial ability as an important part of
students' cultivation goals. Although the state has introduced many policies to vigorously
support college students' entrepreneurship education, there still exists the phenomenon of
low success rate of entrepreneurship among college students in higher vocational colleges.
On the one hand, college students in higher vocational colleges have a strong will to start
up business but not enough entrepreneurial ability; on the other hand, the concept and
mode of cultivating talents in higher vocational colleges restrict the development of
innovation and entrepreneurship education in higher vocational colleges, which makes a
huge gap between knowledge and ability, theory and practice of higher vocational college
students, and then causes college students in higher vocational colleges to face the problem
of "wanting to create but not being able to create" or "having created". As a result, college
students face an embarrassing situation of "wanting to create but cannot" or "haveing
created but cannot". Based on this, this paper tries to put forward the management practice
paths and suggestions for cultivating entrepreneurial ability of college students in higher
vocational colleges based on the clarification of the structural dimensions of
entrepreneurial ability of college students and the design of multi-dimensional, whole
process and systematic strategies.
Firstly, this paper systematically reviewed the literature on entrepreneurial ability and
college students' entrepreneurial ability, and constructed the structural dimensional model
of college students' entrepreneurial ability in higher vocational colleges with reference to
Timmons' entrepreneurial element model, which is a multidimensional concept covering
opportunity-seeking ability, resource management ability and team organization ability.
After that, college students at University Q were selected as the research subjects, and
through questionnaire research and analysis of research data, the model of entrepreneurial
competency structure of college students was empirically tested and proved to be a
multidimensional concept consisting of opportunity-seeking ability, resource management
ability and team organization ability. Then, based on the OBE concept, this paper proposes
III
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